Ecosystem

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Across
  1. 1. ____________________ can help scientists understand large and very complex systems that cannot be adequately studied and modeled in field and laboratory research.
  2. 7. In the atmosphere, DMS is converted to sulfur dioxide, some of which in turn is converted to _______________& (SO3) and to tiny droplets of sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
  3. 9. ____________________ (GIS) provide the computer technology for storing organizing, and analyzing complex data collected aver broad geographic areas.
  4. 12. In ____________, specialized bacteria in soil and bluegreen algae (cyanobacteria) in aquatic environments combine gaseous N2 with hydrogen to make ammonia (NH3).
  5. 15. The _____________, or water cycle, collects, purifies, and distributes the earth's fixed supply of water.
  6. 17. _______________ is a serious and growing local, regional, and global environmental problem that has attracted little attention.
  7. 19. In ________________, specialized bacteria in waterlogged soil and in the bottom sediments of lakes, oceans, swamps, and bogs convert NH3 and NH4+ back into nitrite and nitrate ions, and then into nitrogen gas (N2) and nitrous oxide gas (N2O).
  8. 20. ____________________ have erected tall construction cranes over the canopies of tropical forests from which they observe the rich diversity of species living or feeding in these treetop habitats.
Down
  1. 2. Field research, sometimes called "_______________________" involves observing and measuring the structure of natural ecosystems and what happens in them.
  2. 3. Some precipitation sinks through soil and permeable rock formations to underground layers of rock, sand, and gravel called __________, where it is stored as groundwater.
  3. 4. The other takes place in aquatic systems, soil, and the roots of some plants, where specialized bacteria, called ______________, complete this conversion as part of the nitrogen cycle.
  4. 5. DMS also reacts with other atmospheric chemicals such as ammonia to produce tiny particles of ______________.
  5. 6. Over land, about 90% of the water that reaches the atmosphere evaporates from the surfaces of plants through a process called _____________.
  6. 8. The elements and compounds that make up nutrients move continually through air, water, soil, rock, and living organisms in ecosystems and in the biosphere in cycles called __________________.
  7. 10. These droplets and particles fall to the earth as components of ____________, which along with other air pollutants can harm trees and aquatic life.
  8. 11. Most precipitation falling on terrestrial ecosystems becomes _________.
  9. 13. _____________ use field research, laboratory research, and mathematical and other models to learn about ecosystems.
  10. 14. Sulfur circulates through the biosphere in the ____________.
  11. 16. In contrast to the cycles of water, carbon, and nitrogen, the __________________ does not include the atmosphere.
  12. 18. Evaporation changes liquid water into water vapor in the atmosphere, and gravity draws the water back to the earth's surface as _________________.