ecosystems

4. All the surrounding conditions, both living and nonliving, that affect an organism.
5. Webs All the interconnected and overlapping food chains within an ecological community, providing a more realistic representation of feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
7. An organism (usually a plant or alga) that can produce its own food and energy, typically through photosynthesis.
8. A biotic relationship where organisms require the same limited resources (like food, water, or space), which can restrict population growth.
13. Factors The living or once-living components of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and their waste.
14. A group of closely related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
15. Factors The nonliving physical and chemical elements, like sunlight, water, soil, temperature, air, and rocks.

1. An animal whose nutrition and energy requirements are met by consuming other animals (meat-eater).
2. An animal that feeds only on plants or other producers.
3. All the individuals of the same species living in the same geographic area at the same time.
5. Chains A linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.
6. living thing, like a single tree, animal, or bacterium.
9. A community of living organisms (biotic factors) interacting with their nonliving surroundings (abiotic factors) in a specific area, like a forest or pond.
10. Capacity The maximum population size of a given species that a specific environment can sustain indefinitely, given the available resources.
11. Factor Anything that constrains a population's size and slows or stops it from growing, such as food, water, habitat, and mates.
12. Consumer An organism that feeds on producers; these are typically herbivores.
16. An animal that eats both plant and animal matter.