Across
- 7. rocks formed by the natural cementation of accumulated/deposited sediment
- 10. a mix of organic matter, minerals, gas, liquid, and microorganisms, that together support complex life and make it possible
- 13. rocks formed when existing rocks are transformed by heat and pressure
- 14. where ‘sea-floor spreading’ takes place along a divergent plate boundary
- 15. a solid that is formed from an ordered arrangement of a single type of atom or molecule
- 16. a crack or fracture in the earth’s surface
- 17. rocks formed from lava or magma
- 18. wearing or breaking down of rock by chemical means, i.e., some kind of substance forms chemical compounds with the rock’s particles and cause them to be dissolved from the rock (e.g., acid rain, formation of rust)
- 20. the point where an earthquake begins/originates
- 21. the type of plate boundary where two plates come together and smash into each other
- 22. a sudden release of energy built up in the earth’s plates, a shaking of the earth’s crust caused by seismic waves
- 25. naturally occurring solid comprised of only one type of element or compound
- 26. outermost layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and solid upper mantle
- 27. a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic era/ early Mesozoic era
- 28. when a lithospheric plate smashes into another plate, is pushed under that plate, and is forced back down into the mantle
Down
- 1. this is simply the place where two plates meet… not like, on a dinner date, but like the border between them
- 2. measured in units of millions of years, and separated into the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic Eras
- 3. wearing or breaking down of rock by physical means, such as thermal expansion, ice freezing/melting, wind, friction, etc.
- 4. big ol’ chunks of the earth’s crust that (very slowly) move around and smash into each other
- 5. layers of soil that are categorized by their color, texture, and particle size, as well as the kind of life that live there over time
- 6. the process by which each type of rock is created and then transformed into other types of rocks
- 8. it’s like a heat-driven conveyor belt that drives the tectonic movements of the earth’s plates
- 9. the concept that the earth’s lithosphere is made up of plates that very gradually change shape and position over time
- 11. any naturally occurring solid mix of minerals
- 12. the type of plate boundary where two plates move away from each other and magma forms new crust
- 19. geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and displaced by wind, water, etc.
- 23. the type of plate boundary where two plates slide against each other
- 24. a rupture in the earth’s crust that allows lava, ash, and hot gas to escape from the mantle