Eisenhower & New Look

4. CURTAIN Symbolic Cold War division referenced in Latin American economic debates
5. Took land without paying compensation (as Árbenz did)
7. Idea of pushing communism back where it already existed
9. CLASS Professionals and landowners involved in Latin American reform movements
10. Guatemalan president who expropriated unused land for peasants
11. FRUIT US corporation with major power in Guatemala, nicknamed “the octopus”
12. ON FOREIGN RELATIONS US foreign‑policy think tank commenting on Latin American tensions
13. JUNTA Government run by army officers (common in Latin America)
15. Organization where Dulles pushed an anti‑Communist declaration in 1954
17. Dictators the US believed could maintain stability in Latin America
20. DIPLOMACY Use of military force instead of negotiation
21. OPERATIONS Secret CIA actions used in Iran, Guatemala, and Cuba
24. Anti-Communist alliance in Southeast Asia organized by Dulles
25. LOOK Eisenhower’s defense policy relying on nuclear weapons over conventional forces
26. Strategy of pushing a crisis to the edge of war
29. Cold War rival with whom Eisenhower kept hostile relations
33. TOWNS Poor settlements created by displaced Latin American peasants
34. Argentine president whose inauguration Nixon attended in 1958
35. PULPO Spanish nickname for United Fruit meaning “the octopus”

1. INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX Eisenhower’s warning about the alliance of the military and defense industries
2. BLOC Eastern European countries aligned with the USSR
3. ARMAS US-backed leader who replaced Árbenz in 1954
6. Economic policy limiting imports to protect domestic industries
8. REVOLUTION 1959 uprising that worried Eisenhower’s administration
13. RETALIATION Dulles’s policy of threatening overwhelming nuclear response
14. Sudden, illegal overthrow of a government
16. Guatemala’s first democratically elected president (1944)
17. Nicaraguan dictator supported by the US
18. Eisenhower’s claimed authority for “change” after winning the 1952 election
19. Cuban dictator supported by the US before Castro
22. Brazilian leader who proposed Operation Pan America
23. Small elite groups dominating Latin American politics and land
27. BANG FOR A BUCK Eisenhower’s idea that nuclear weapons were cheaper than conventional forces
28. US–Canadian air defense command created in 1957
30. Person of mixed Indigenous and European ancestry
31. Operation Pan America, a proposal for US-funded development aid
32. MOVEMENT Armed resistance that grew in Guatemala after the 1954 coup