Across
- 2. a compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative, it is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA.
- 3. a compound that is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with thymine in double-stranded DNA.
- 6. a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen.
- 9. polymerase an enzyme that is responsible for making RNA from a dna template.
- 11. a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.
- 12. microarray also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface.
- 13. pairing any of the pairs of the hydrogen-bonded purine and pyrimidine bases that form the links between the sugar-phosphate backbones of nucleic acid molecules: the pairs are adenine and thymine in DNA, adenine and uracil in RNA, and guanine and cytosine in both DNA and RNA.
- 17. Group it is attached to a molecule containing carbon and it is found in the genetic material DNA and RNA, and is also in molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that provide energy to cells.
- 18. therapy the transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders.
- 19. a written or printed representation of something.
- 20. a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
- 23. a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA.
- 24. chain reaction or PCR, is a laboratory technique used to make multiple copies of a segment of DNA.
- 26. an enzyme that brings about ligation of DNA or another substance.
Down
- 1. a compound that occurs in guano and fish scales, and is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative, it is paired with cytosine in double-stranded DNA.
- 2. relating to or denoting an organism that contains genetic material into which DNA from an unrelated organism has been artificially introduced.
- 4. the action of copying or reproducing something.
- 5. a molecular component of a ribosome, the cell's essential protein factory. It makes polypeptides (assemblies of amino acids) that go to make up proteins.
- 7. Small RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosome for polymerization into a polypeptide.
- 8. an enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers.
- 10. DNA DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.
- 14. enzyme an enzyme produced chiefly by certain bacteria, having the property of cleaving DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases.
- 15. a laboratory or department responsible for tests used in detection of crime.
- 16. Modified of an organism or crop containing genetic material that has been artificially altered so as to produce a desired characteristic.
- 21. a genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes, typically a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of a bacterium or protozoan. Plasmids are much used in the laboratory manipulation of genes.
- 22. an organism or cell, or group of organisms or cells, produced asexually from one ancestor or stock, to which they are genetically identical.
- 25. a subtype of RNA. A molecule that carries a portion of the DNA code to other parts of the cell for processing.