Encoding and Decoding

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Across
  1. 4. A component of a computer language that translates human-readable code into machine language (binary) that the computer understands
  2. 6. A base-16 numbering system that uses 16 digits: 0-9 and letters A-F (representing 10-15)
  3. 8. A base-2 numbering system that uses only two digits, 0 and 1, to create code for text, videos, and applications
  4. 10. The practice of hiding the intended meaning of communication to make it confusing or harder for humans and antivirus software to interpret
  5. 11. The binary-based instructions that a computer processor can understand directly
  6. 13. An encoding system that associates keyboard characters with specific decimal, binary, hex, or octal numbers so a computer can recognize them
  7. 14. A cybersecurity competition where players solve puzzles (challenges) to find a "flag" or solution within a set timeframe
  8. 15. A single character in the hexadecimal system that represents 4 bits of data
  9. 17. A unit of data consisting of four bits, which is exactly half of a byte
  10. 20. Tiny switches inside computers that can be turned on or off to represent electrical signals
Down
  1. 1. A type of basic computer instruction often represented using hexadecimal numbers
  2. 2. The unauthorized transfer or smuggling of data out of an organization
  3. 3. A base-10 numbering system consisting of 10 possible digits (0-9) where each position is a multiple of 10
  4. 5. Short for "binary digit," it represents a single flip of a switch (on or off) and is the smallest unit of communication for a computer processor
  5. 7. A conversion system used in computing to represent a range of characters in a different form, such as binary or hex, without requiring a secret key
  6. 9. A grouping of eight bits that represents a single addressable storage location in a computer
  7. 10. A numbering system (base-8) sometimes used alongside decimal, binary, and hex in ASCII encoding tables
  8. 11. A networking identifier that commonly uses hexadecimal numbers for its representation
  9. 12. A process used to protect confidentiality; unlike encoding, it is a form of cryptography that typically requires a key
  10. 16. The numerical representation of a bit in an "ON" state
  11. 18. An encoding type that regroups binary bits into chunks of 6 to assign values from a set of 64 printable characters, often used for embedding image or sound files
  12. 19. The numerical representation of a bit in an "OFF" state