End of year crossword

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Across
  1. 3. Organelles, either free or membrane-bound, where protein synthesis occurs.
  2. 4. The biological process where phagocytes engulf and destroy material.
  3. 5. The main artery carrying oxygenated blood from the heart at high pressure.
  4. 9. The monomers containing an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable R group that make up proteins.
  5. 12. A protein produced by plasma cells that binds to antigens as part of the immune response.
  6. 13. A molecule acting as the energy currency of cells formed from ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups.
  7. 17. A model describing how enzymes undergo subtle conformational changes to better fit a substrate.
  8. 18. Immunity provided by the body's own immune response after detecting a pathogen.
  9. 19. A protein molecule acting as a biological catalyst to increase the rate of biochemical reactions.
  10. 20. A biochemical test used for reducing sugars that changes color based on the amount of sugar present.
  11. 24. Small air sacs in the lungs providing a large surface area for gas exchange.
  12. 25. An organelle found in plants and algae that serves as the site of photosynthesis.
  13. 26. The passive movement of substances through transport proteins from high to low concentration.
  14. 28. A length of DNA on a chromosome coding for polypeptide chains or functional RNA.
  15. 30. Small holes on leaves controlled by guard cells to regulate water loss and gas exchange.
  16. 32. A structure made of a long, coiled DNA molecule and associated proteins.
  17. 35. Marker molecules that can be detected by antibodies to trigger an immune response.
  18. 36. The plant tissue responsible for transporting water in the stem and leaves.
  19. 38. The phenomenon where haemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen decreases in high carbon dioxide concentrations.
  20. 41. A type of blood vessel designed to carry blood away from the heart.
  21. 42. The complete set of genes present in a cell.
  22. 43. Cell division producing four genetically different daughter cells with a haploid number of chromosomes.
  23. 44. A sequence of three bases on mRNA coding for a specific amino acid.
  24. 45. The passive diffusion of water molecules from high to lower water potential through a selectively permeable membrane.
  25. 49. A phospholipid bilayer studded with proteins that separates a cell from its environment.
  26. 50. A polysaccharide made of beta glucose monomers used for structural strength in plant cell walls.
Down
  1. 1. Immunity occurring when a large portion of a population is vaccinated, preventing disease spread to the unvaccinated.
  2. 2. An organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for modifying and packaging proteins.
  3. 6. The process of dividing the cytoplasm to produce two new cells.
  4. 7. A sequence of DNA that does not code for proteins.
  5. 8. A biochemical test that produces a purple solution when protein is present.
  6. 10. A group of similar organisms that can breed to produce living, fertile offspring
  7. 11. The movement of substances from low to high concentration using energy in the form of ATP.
  8. 14. Membrane-bound vesicles in the cytoplasm containing the hydrolytic enzyme lysozyme.
  9. 15. The method of cell division in prokaryotes involving replication of circular DNA and plasmids.
  10. 16. The chemical bond formed between two monosaccharides during a condensation reaction.
  11. 21. A large muscle sheet used to change lung capacity and create pressure for ventilation.
  12. 22. A very small blood vessel with thin walls used for substance exchange in tissues.
  13. 23. The variety of genes, species, and habitats found within a specific area.
  14. 27. An enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA strands during replication.
  15. 29. A DNA sequence that codes for an amino acid sequence.
  16. 31. A reaction that joins two molecules with a chemical bond and eliminates a water molecule.
  17. 33. The organelle in eukaryotic cells that acts as the site for aerobic respiration.
  18. 34. A protein in red blood cells specialized to carry oxygen to tissues.
  19. 37. Cell division in eukaryotes producing two daughter cells with identical copies of DNA.
  20. 39. An enzyme that catalyzes condensation reactions between new nucleotides to synthesize a new DNA strand.
  21. 40. The process of breaking a chemical bond between two molecules by using a water molecule.
  22. 46. A highly branched polysaccharide used as the primary energy storage in humans and animals.
  23. 47. Plant tissue that transports organic substances from their source to where they are needed.
  24. 48. A specific version of a gene.