Across
- 3. a machine that transforms heat into mechanical energy, or work
- 5. the energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object
- 8. the burning of a substance
- 11. a device that measures energy from the sun
- 13. a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact
- 14. the energy produced by heat within the Earth
- 16. the physical forms of matter, which are solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
- 17. a nonrenewable energy resource formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago; examples include oil, coal, and natural gas
- 19. the movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations; can result in the transfer of energy as heat
- 21. heat engines that burn ful outside of the engine
- 23. shows how a vibrating object transmits energy through the air around it
- 27. the capacity to do work
- 28. the potential energy stored in the gravitational fields of interacting bodies
- 34. the energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves
- 35. the transfer of energy as heat through a material
- 41. the process by which a nucleus splits into two or more fragments and release neutrons and energy
- 43. the energy of moving electrons
- 44. the percentage of energy put into a system that does useful work
Down
- 1. all of the kinetic energy due to random motion of the particles that make up an object; the kinetic energy of a substance's atoms
- 2. the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogenous material 1K or ! degree Celcius in a specified way given constant pressure and volume
- 4. a natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed
- 6. the energy released by a fission or fusion reaction; the binding energy of the atomic nucleus
- 7. produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particales
- 9. a system that cannot exchange matter or energy with its surroundings
- 10. plant material, manure, or any other organic matter that is used as an energy source
- 12. a change from one form of energy to another
- 15. a measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particales in an object
- 18. a resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which the resource is consumed
- 20. the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures; energy is always transferred from higher-temperature objects to lower-temperature objects until thermal equilibrium is reached
- 22. an increase in size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance
- 24. the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another
- 25. the temperature at which molecular energy is at a minimum (0 K on the Kelvin scale or -273.16 degrees Celsius on the Celsius scale)
- 26. the energy of an object that is due to the object's motion
- 29. the rate at which a substance tranfers thermal energy
- 30. Heat engines that burn fuel inside the engine
- 31. the energy available for use when an elastic body returns to its original configuration
- 32. Substances that do not conduct thermal energy that well
- 33. convert the chemical energy in fossil fuels into electrical energy
- 35. a temperature increase in a body of water that is caused by human activity and that has a harmful affect on water quality and on the ability of that body of water to support life
- 36. the energy that is associated with charged particles because of their positions
- 37. the amount of work an object can do because of the object's kinetic and potential energies
- 38. the energy released when a chemical compound reacts to produce new compounds
- 39. the change of a substance from one physical state to another
- 40. a substance that reduces the transfer of electricity, heat, or sound
- 42. a device that measures heat