Energy Transfer Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 2. Referring to objects or phenomena that can be seen and measured without the use of a microscope; visible to the naked eye.
  2. 5. Kinetic Energy The mean energy of motion of the particles in a substance; it increases as temperature increases.
  3. 7. Contraction The process where materials shrink as they cool down, due to particles moving slower and settling closer together.
  4. 8. The process of heat transfer through direct contact between materials, where energy moves from warmer to cooler areas.
  5. 9. A break or fissure in a material, often caused by stress from contraction or improper expansion.
  6. 12. The process of planning and creating structures or tools, taking into account how materials will react to temperature changes.
  7. 15. The transfer of heat from one location to the next by movement of fluids.
  8. 17. A substance that can flow; includes liquids and gasses, which take the shape of their container.
  9. 18. A material that slows down or stops the transfer of heat. Thermal insulators, like wood, rubber, or foam, keep heat from passing through quickly.
  10. 19. The process where materials grow larger as their temperature rises, caused by particles moving faster and spreading out.
  11. 21. The action of becoming smaller or less in size, particularly when a material cools down.
Down
  1. 1. A type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light; it is often felt as heat.
  2. 2. A condition where components, such as railroad tracks, are not properly aligned due to thermal expansion, which can cause safety hazards.
  3. 3. Small gaps built into structures like bridges and sidewalks that allow for safe expansion and contraction without damage.
  4. 4. The transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, which can occur in a vacuum (empty space) without needing a medium.
  5. 6. Waves of energy that travel through space at the speed of light, including visible light, radio waves, and infrared radiation.
  6. 10. A material that allows heat to pass through it easily. Thermal conductors, like metals, transfer heat quickly from one place to another.
  7. 11. An instrument used to measure temperature, often containing a liquid that expands or contracts based on heat.
  8. 13. Problems Issues that can arise in buildings and other constructions when materials expand or contract improperly, potentially leading to damage.
  9. 14. A measure of how hot or cold something is, which reflects the average kinetic energy of its particles.
  10. 16. A rapid back-and-forth movement of particles in a substance, which can create sound or heat.
  11. 20. The energy that is transferred from one object to another due to a temperature difference.