Energy Transfer

3. energy / The energy that a substance has due to its motion
5. / Energy that is transmitted in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves
8. / The region of Earth's internal structure formed by the crust and the rigid outer layer of the mantle
11. heat / The energy needed to change a substance from one state to another without changing temperature
13. energy / The total kinetic and potential energy of all particles in a substance
14. / The transfer of thermal energy by direct particle-to-particle contact
16. / The degree to which a surface reflects light

1. heat Capacity / A measure of the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
2. / An indicator of the average kinetic energy of a substance
4. warming / An increase in the long-term average temperature of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere
6. / The transfer of thermal energy from a cooler substance to a warmer substance because of temperature differences
7. / The lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere, where weather occurs
9. / Material that limits thermal energy transfer
10. / All of the water, in all of its states, found in, on, or near earth
12. / The layer of gases enveloping Earth
15. / The transfer of thermal energy through the movement of particles in fluids