Across
- 3. Derived from the French word meaning ‘type’. They can be broad categories such as novels, drama or poetry or they can be quite specific types such as ‘the detective novel’. The categories of them are fluid and change depending on who is using them and the context in which they are being used. (5)
- 5. The modes of behaviour that are deemed to be acceptable in society. (6,11)
- 7. Is one or more person(s) listening to, reading or viewing a text. (8)
- 9. The process where values, attitudes and beliefs presented in a text become so familiar that they appear ‘normal’ or ‘natural’. The possibility of challenging or questioning these values, beliefs and attitudes then becomes less likely. (14)
- 12. A way of reading a text where the focus is on culturally understood and shared signs that a text uses to make meaning. (9)
- 14. Refers to the way people, events, issues or subjects are presented in a text. The term implies that texts are not mirrors of the real world; they are constructions of ‘reality’. These constructions are partially shaped through the writer’s use of conventions and techniques. (14)
- 15. A set of assumptions that govern how we communicate our beliefs and values to others about specific topics. (9)
- 17. A collectively held system of ideas that allows us to look at and interpret the world as ‘normal’. It is usually demonstrated by stated beliefs and practices. (8)
- 18. The characteristics that are typical for a particular text type. (7,8)
- 22. Something held to be a truth without the support of evidence that allows positive knowledge. Our values underlie them. We sometimes use symbols to openly demonstrate them. (7)
- 25. Preconceived, standardised and oversimplified impression of characteristics deemed to be typical of a particular group. They usually disempower certain groups and empower others. (11)
- 26. An outlook or a specific feeling about something. Our values underlie them. They can be expressed by what we say, do and wear. (9)
- 27. Generally accepted rules, usage or standard formats employed in structuring texts, which are evident in a number of different texts. They allow readers/viewers to make meaning of texts more readily if they have a knowledge of their use in the text. Can be seen as codes that have become widely acknowledged. (11)
- 28. A system of rules established within a text used to position the audience/reader to accept a particular meaning. When understandings of the use of them become widespread, it becomes a convention. (5)
Down
- 1. Gaps in a text where the reader is not invited to consider or question certain social values or attitudes. (8)
- 2. Parts of the text that are silent on particular issues or minority groups. Readers might use their past experience or understanding of society to ‘fill in’ the gaps. (4)
- 4. The process we use to make meaning of a text, whether it is a written or visual text. This process is sometimes called a reading strategy. The particular values, assumptions and beliefs a reader or viewer holds will determine the particular meaning the reader or viewer makes from a text. (7,8)
- 6. Understandings or ways of seeing the world that are taken for granted by particular individuals or social groups. (11)
- 8. A social structure where the dominant group remains in its position of power with the acquiescence of less powerful groups below. (8)
- 10. Notions that a person and/or social group hold to be correct or of some worth, such as family, freedom, and community responsibility. They underlie our attitudes and beliefs. They may be personal and/or cultural. (6)
- 11. Elements such as visual language and aspects such as framing, camera movement, editing, sound and costuming (also called film language). (4,5)
- 13. Has an open meaning and can be interpreted as understandings, thoughts, notions, opinions, views or beliefs. (5)
- 16. May refer to the environment in which the text was produced, the environment in which the text is set or the environment in which the text is read. The environment may be social, political, historical, philosophical, or physical or a combination of these. (7)
- 19. Elements such as music, sound effects and silence in films or dramatic performances. (8,5)
- 20. A construct that includes those associated with age, gender, class, race, nationality, ethnicity, religion and occupation and intersections of these. (8)
- 21. A form of written text that is used to convey information. This category can include but is not limited to, feature articles, discussion essays, academic essays, newspaper articles, websites, blogs, reports, which are shaped to position their reader. (10)
- 23. The process where the reader challenges and questions the assumptions that appear to be implicit in a text, or the ways of receiving/understanding a text which are in popular circulation. (7)
- 24. The social status of a person or group of people in society. Social status may be decided by a combination of factors such as occupation, wealth, parenthood. (5)