English in the World

2. change between the Middle English and Early Modern English periods in the pronunciation of English vowels
4. the number of times an item appears in a given corpus
5. the idea that all language is learned rather than innate
6. the way in which large and/or powerful countriesimpose their culture or values on smaller and/or less powerful ones
7. a language used across the word for written, spoken, and digital communication
8. the process through which a language is standardized
9. model visualizing the spread of English through three concentric circles

1. a natural language developed as a mixture of different languages, often as a development from a pidgin
3. period between 1500 and 1800 where pronunciation suddenly and distinctively changed and continental European vocabulary increased in inclusion.
6. the way language is passed down from one generation to the next