Across
- 1. stays the same throughout the story; never changes
- 6. the attempt to disprove, contradict, or argue against an opposing viewpoint
- 9. specific convention or structure—such as imagery, irony, or foreshadowing — employed by the author to produce a given effect.
- 12. conjunctions that are FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
- 13. an act of searching for information or knowledge about a particular subject or topic
- 15. sounds written as words - SPLASH!
- 17. a text in which the writer develops and defends a position or debates a topic using logic and persuasion
- 19. the atmosphere or feeling created by the writer in a literary work or passage; mood can be expressed through imagery, word choice, setting, voice, and theme.
- 23. 2 things put together than conflict such as jumbo-shrimp or bitter-sweet
- 24. literary device used by an author to provide hints about future events and details that may occur later in the story
- 25. the reason an author writes about a particular topic (e.g., to persuade, to entertain, to inform, to explain, to analyze, etc.); the reason an author includes particular details, features, or devices in a work
- 28. the perspective from which a story is told
- 29. a credible or believable source. Some questions to evaluate credibility might be:
- 30. language language not intended to be taken literally but layered with meaning through the use of imagery, metaphors, and other literary
- 32. to combine elements and parts to form a coherent whole
- 37. specific details or facts that support an inference or idea
- 44. the basic rhythmic structure in verse, composed of stressed and unstressed syllables
- 46. a secondary character who contrasts with the protagonist in order to highlight aspects of the main character’s personality. Foils may be sidekicks (e.g., Han Solo to Luke Skywalker) or enemies (e.g., The Joker to Batman)
- 48. a comparison of two things NOT using like or as
- 50. words spoken by an actor on stage that is intended to be heard only by the audience and not by the characters on the stage
- 51. a dramatic convention in which a speech is given by a character while or as if alone; literally, "talking to oneself"
- 55. an exaggerated statement
- 57. a person, place, thing, or idea
- 59. a character that grows in temperament and motivation; changes throughout the story
- 62. a method of persuasion that is based on the writer or speaker’s credibility to discuss a subject and is influenced by expertise, knowledge, experience, training, credentials, use of logical and emotional appeals, etc.
- 64. thetime and place in which a narrative occurs. Elements of setting may include the physical, psychological, cultural, or historical background against which the story takes place
- 66. the emotional meaning or set of associations attached to a word that is implied rather than literal (e.g., feeling blue)
- 71. the author a respected authority on the
- 72. the character who opposes the protagonist and causes the conflict; typically the “bad” guy
- 73. the pattern of rhyming lines (e.g., ABAB, ABBA)
- 75. in literature, the opposition of persons or forces that brings about dramatic action central to the plot of a story.
- 77. an author’s unique articulation or expression of language created by stylistic elements such as syntax, diction, and figurative language
- 81. descriptions or instructions in a play that provide information about characters, dialogue, setting, and actions
- 83. describes a noun or a pronoun by answering the question(s) - Which one? What kind? How many?
- 84. a method of persuasion that's designed to create an emotional response in the reader/viewer by connecting to the audience’s values, needs, and sensibilities
- 85. a noun or pronoun that shows relation; typically are in a phrase called “prepositional phrases” that begin with a preposition and end in a noun
- 87. text a text that presents information in order to explain, clarify, and/or educate
- 88. Does the author support opinions with strong argumentation and reasoning? How current is the information?
- 89. a division of 4 or more lines that have a fixed length, meter, and/or rhyme scheme
- 90. the way or pattern in which an author organizes ideas within a text
- 91. a comparison of two things USING like or as
- 92. an incorrect or problematic argument that is not based on sound reasoning
Down
- 2. a viewpoint that opposes an author’s thesis or claim; addressing and rebutting counterarguments are essential in persuasive writing and speaking
- 3. the basic sequence of events in a story that includes the exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution
- 4. the method in which an author constructs a character by explicitly stating aspects of his/her personality and appearance (direct characterization) or by revealing aspects of a character through their actions, thoughts, speech, other characters, etc. (indirect characterization)
- 5. the author’s particular attitude, either stated or implied in writing
- 7. a dramatic device in which a character says or does something that he or she does not fully grasp but is understood by the
- 8. a reference to the author’s name, title of work, date published, publisher, and/or page numbers of quoted or paraphrased text in a shortened in-text notation or in a longer bibliographic entry
- 10. an assertion, position, or arguable thesis about a topic or issue
- 11. atechnique that an author or speaker uses to influence or persuade an audience
- 14. set of 4 lines in poetry with a set rhyme scheme
- 16. word choice that may be determined by the writer or speaker’s style, purpose, and need to communicate accurately, appropriately, and understandably to a specific audience expression
- 18. a rhetorical technique, often incorporating irony or humor, in which something is represented as less than it actually is
- 20. restate the meaning of something in different words.
- 21. the lines spoken between characters in fiction or a play
- 22. a dependent clause (AAAWWUBBIS) connected to an independent phrase
- 26. conjunctions that are AAAWWUBBIS (after, although, as, when, while, until, because, before, if, since)
- 27. a particular inclination, feeling, or opinion about a subject that is often preconceived or unreasoned
- 29. a close examination and interpretation of a non-fiction (usually argumentative) work that analyzes how the author uses language, devices, and genre characteristics to create intended effects and persuade the reader
- 31. appeals to the 5 senses: touch, taste, sight, smell, sound
- 33. when the outcome of something is the opposite of what was expected; SURPRISE!
- 34. 2 independent phrases combined with a conjunction
- 35. important ideas throughout a work that support the central message, theme, tone, etc.
- 36. the words, sentences, or passages that precede or follow a specific word, sentence, or passage
- 38. an action or a state of being (am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been)
- 39. to reduce large sections of text to their essential points and main ideas.
- 40. paraphrased or directly quoted detail(s) from a text that supports a reader’s claim, thought, inference, or analysis about the text
- 41. the main character of the story; typically the “good” guy
- 42. a statement or premise supported by arguments
- 43. connects clauses or phrases
- 45. an independent phrase (1 subject and 1 verb)
- 47. a method of persuasion that is based on the writer or speaker appealing to the audience’s sense of intelligence and logic by using facts, statistics, research, historical evidence, etc. to support a legitimate, rational, and well-reasoned argument
- 49. a figure of speech that expresses an idea through a contradictory statement (e.g., “seriously funny”, “jumbo shrimp”, “deafening silence”)
- 52. the dictionary definition of a word; the literal or cognitive meaning
- 53. an exclamation
- 54. giving a non-living object human characteristics
- 56. the central or universal idea of a literary work that often relates to morals and/or values and speaks to the human experience/ condition
- 58. a character with a small part; the reader knows very little to nothing about them
- 60. a form of inference in which the reader gathers information, considers the general thoughts or ideas that emerge from the information and comes to a decision; the conclusion is generally based on more than one piece of information.
- 61. a brief interruption in the plot that describes an earlier event or time in order to provide clarity, background, and context about an event currently taking place in the narrative
- 63. an exaggeration
- 65. the intended group for a message
- 67. in rhetoric, the means of persuasion in an argument. According to Aristotle, there are three fundamental appeals to convince a person: reason (logos), ethics (ethos), and emotion (pathos)
- 68. a character built around a single idea and is unchanging throughout the story
- 69. changes in the story because something happens
- 70. replaces a noun (he, she, it, you, them, they, we, me, my, I, mine, his, hers, theirs)
- 74. 2 lines that are back-to-back (consecutive) that rhyme
- 76. to present the ideas or words of another as one’s own without crediting the source
- 78. the quality of having reliable and trustworthy characteristics which may be influenced by an author having expertise on a topic, using unbiased and accurate reasoning, evidence, and sources to support ideas, and providing current and up-to-date information
- 79. the type or class of a work, usually categorized by form, technique, or content
- 80. describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb by answering the question(s) - How? Where? When? How much? How often?; they typically end in “ly”
- 81. a secondary story in a narrative that adds complexity and depth and connects to the main plot in the contexts of setting, characters, or theme
- 82. a logical guess made by connecting bits of information
- 86. literary works focused on the expression of feelings and ideas through a distinctive style that is often rhythmical and may have elements such as meter, rhyme, and stanzas