Enlightenment

6. (2)founder of the modern European and American movements for women's rights
8. (4)book by 1 philosophe against capital punishment and torture
9. wealth of a nation is measured by the gold and silver in its treasury; to increase wealth, gov't must encourage exports, restrict imports, and create monopolies for local businesses
11. a new kind of philosopher who desired to understand society, government, and how one should rule the other fairly
13. Smith (2)wrote WEALTH OF NATIONS to explain how individual interests drive the economy (and that is a good thing)
14. this thinker identified 3 basic kinds of governments AND believed that they functioned best with a separation of powers
19. (3)Voltaire wrote this to convince the French that "all men are brothers under God"
20. (2)means hands off
21. A confirmed deist, he believed the universe was like a clock created by God (the clockmaker)

1. (2)this is what allows a government to rule over society; it is an agreement that government rules because the majority believes it should do so
2. he said "liberty is achieved by being forced to follow what is best for the general will" (the entire community)
3. french group who believed that individuals were free to pursue their own economic self-interests, all of society would benefit
4. (2)argued that punishment fro crimes should NOT be brutal
5. Places where philosophers met and discussed/debated their ideas with each other
7. (2)he believed the "world machine" operated according to natural laws (and could be understood through systematic investigation)
10. the ability to understand reading and writing
12. (2)the philosopher who believed people's inherently bad nature meant that gov't was required to make them behave in society
15. (2)Anglican minister who preached to the masses in natural settings; his work led to the abolition of slave trade
16. this wife of a wealthy merchant hosted salons
17. (2)writer of the 1st Encyclopedia
18. (2)wrote ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING