Across
- 4. The theory that suggests the universe began with a massive explosion
- 5. This rock type forms from magma cooling inside Earth
- 6. An instrument to measure earthquake vibrations
- 8. A theory stating that the Earth is the center of the universe
- 12. Sandy soils need frequent application of this
- 14. A water-rich layer in Earth’s cryosphere
- 17. This gas makes up about 21% of the atmosphere
- 19. The innermost layer of the Earth composed mainly of iron and nickel
- 20. A component of soil that comes from decomposed plants and animals
- 21. The spinning of Earth on its axis
- 22. Theory that proposes the solar system formed from a molecular cloud
- 23. A volcanic rock that cools quickly on Earth’s surface
- 25. The type of rock formed from layers of sediment
- 27. The most abundant gas in the atmosphere
- 29. The outermost layer of the atmosphere
- 31. The scale used to measure mineral hardness
- 32. Layer of Earth that contains peridotite and lies below the crust
Down
- 1. Process by which plants make their own food
- 2. A person who studies minerals
- 3. Protective gas layer found in the stratosphere
- 4. The part of Earth where life exists
- 7. Minerals formed from intense heat and pressures
- 9. Water stored beneath Earth’s surface
- 10. The visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum that makes the sky blue
- 11. A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a crystalline structure
- 13. A scientist who studies rocks
- 15. Type of cloud that brings thunderstorms
- 16. This rock is rich in granite and makes up most of the continental crust
- 18. This mineral property refers to the way it reflects light
- 24. The layer of Earth’s atmosphere closest to the surface
- 26. The hardest mineral on the Mohs scale
- 28. The process of rock breakdown due to weather
- 30. River environment formed where fresh and salt water meet