Across
- 7. Making an observation or obtaining a particular result consistently.
- 10. Although definitions differ, this generally means valid science according to basic scientific principles.
- 12. Altering a particular factor for a test or experiment while holding all others (as much as possible) constant.
- 17. Original, independent thinking that asks, “How might I approach this problem in new and inventive ways?”
- 20. When a researcher is either offered benefits for cooperating with or threatened with consequences for opposing a person or group, in connection with their research.
- 21. Inventing new data or results to lie or mislead in your work.
- 22. measurements, observations, and information
- 23. The orderly pursuit of knowledge, relying on observations that test hypotheses in order to answer questions.
- 25. A tool for representing some aspect of ideas, structures, processes, and explanations within a system or part of a system.
- 27. A conditional explanation that can be verified or falsified by observation or experimentation.
- 29. Independent variables that help explain differences in the dependent variable.
- 31. The application of science and math to solve problems.
- 33. observation of natural events to deduce causal relationships.
- 35. A design in which researchers don’t know which subjects were given experimental treatment until after data have been gathered an analyzed.
- 36. Requirements that need to be met to consider a problem solved.
Down
- 1. An ability to evaluate information and opinions in a systematic, purposeful, efficient manner.
- 2. A set of moral principles or values that can be used to govern decision-making and behavior for an individual or group.
- 3. A rational way of thought that asks, “How can orderly, deductive reasoning help me think clearly?”
- 4. One that does not respond to other variables in a particular test.
- 5. Also known as response variable; is one affected by other variables.
- 6. Repeating studies or tests.
- 8. The claiming of someone else’s work or ideas as one’s own.
- 9. “Top down” reasoning in which we start with a general principle and derive a testable prediction about a specific case.
- 11. Comparison made between two populations that are identical (as far as possible) in every factor except the one being studied.
- 13. “Bottom-up” reasoning in which we study specific examples and try to discover patterns and derive general explanations from collected observations.
- 14. A relationship where one variable increases and the other decreases.
- 15. An explanation or idea accepted by a substantial number of scientists.
- 16. Limit a solution’s design and include ideas such as cost, durability, and materials available.
- 18. A thoughtful, contemplative analysis that asks, “What does this all mean?”
- 19. A way of systematic analysis that asks, “How can I break this problem down into its constituent parts?”
- 24. A general agreement among informed scholars.
- 26. Selecting data that specifically supports your claim while ignoring or excluding data that does not support or refutes your claim.
- 28. The arrangement of data or the misreporting of results to support a claim that the data do not necessarily support.
- 30. A great change in explanatory frameworks that occur when a majority of scientists accept that the old explanation no longer describes new observations very well.
- 32. Any person or company that funds research and is concerned with the outcome of the research.
- 34. A bar graph, generally with upright bars.