Across
- 2. The ground layer with all the dead organic matter and the small plants and animals
- 5. Tropical biome dominated by grasses, shrubs, and small trees; plants have to survive a long time without water
- 7. Northern arctic regions; winter is cold and dry which does not allow trees to grow; permafrost in the soil all year; thin topsoil melts in summer and makes a spongey landscape with bogs
- 8. The gradual process of change and replacement of some or all of the species in a community
- 10. A defining feature of the tundra biome
- 11. Covers large areas of interiors of continents; mountains and fire are important for maintenance; grasses dry out in the summer so lightning strikes often start fires
- 12. Occurs on a surface where an ecosystem has existed before
- 13. The layer with all the short plants adapted to shade
- 16. The primary layer where trees form a dense layer that absorb 95% of incoming sunlight
- 18. The top layer of a rainforest where the tallest trees emerge into the direct sunlight
- 19. Temperate shrubland; mediterranean climate; found in all 5 parts of the world
Down
- 1. Most diverse boime; located in a belt around the equator; 200-450cm of rain/yr; strong sunlight and constant temps year-round
- 3. When humans disturb the land and the land reverts back into a forest after humans leave
- 4. Between 30-50 degrees lat; has trees that drop their leaves; growing season of 4-6 months; little water available for plants
- 6. Occurs on a surface where no ecosystem existed before
- 7. A northern coniferous forest across the northern hemisphere just under the arctic circle; average temps below freezing with little precipitation; near constant daylight in summer; 6-10 month long winters
- 9. Forests with a moderate temperature; only one in North America
- 14. Grasslands in North America
- 15. Large regions characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plants and animal communities
- 17. Widely scattered with little or no vegetation; temps change rapidly over 24 hours; temps could go from 104 to freezing from day to night