Across
- 4. the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms.
- 8. the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
- 9. a factor that is deliberately kept constant to ensure that only the independent variable (the factor being tested) affects the dependent variable (the outcome being measured)
- 10. the fundamental capacity of a system to do work or to bring about change
- 13. a type of nuclear decay in which a photon becomes a neutron or a neutron becomes a proton
- 15. a wave composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space, carrying energy and momentum
- 16. a scientific fact that is true at all points in time and space.
- 17. the leading explanation for how the universe began.
- 22. states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another.
- 25. a type of nuclear decay in which a Helium Nuclei detaches from a parent nucleus
- 26. a disturbance that travels through a medium, transferring energy from one location to another
- 27. occurs when oxygen combines with another substance and creates compounds called oxides
- 28. any of the almost spherical concentric regions of matter that make up the earth
- 31. the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet
- 32. the region surrounding the earth or another astronomical body in which its magnetic field is the predominant effective magnetic field.
- 33. a type of surface acoustic wave that travels along a surface, such as the Earth's crust during an earthquake, causing a rolling, elliptical motion of particles both up-and-down and back-and-forth
- 35. a nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number fuse to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy
- 36. a comprehensive, testable explanation for observations of the natural world, supported by a body of evidence from experiments and observations, and capable of making accurate predictions
- 37. the process where rocks break down chemically due to a reaction with water
- 38. a type of wave where the particles of the medium vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels
- 39. explains the states of matter, and is based on the idea that matter is composed of tiny particles that are always in motion.
Down
- 1. an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.
- 2. the factor that an experimenter deliberately changes or manipulates to observe its effect on another variable
- 3. the factor that is measured or observed in an experiment, and its value is expected to change in response to the independent variable
- 5. energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion.
- 6. the erosion or disintegration of rocks, building materials, etc., caused by chemical reactions (chiefly with water and substances dissolved in it) rather than by mechanical processes
- 7. a region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape.
- 11. the property of water that describes how water molecules are attracted to each other, making water a "sticky" liquid
- 12. a type of nuclear decay in which an excited nuclei releases a photon
- 14. stored energy that depends upon the relative position of various parts of a system.
- 18. a disturbance that transfers energy through a medium or space
- 19. the energy transferred to or from an object by a force acting over a distance, measured as the dot product of the force and the displacement
- 20. is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time
- 21. the sum total of all the energy of the molecules of the system
- 23. all the water on, around, and under the surface of the Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, ice, snow, and even atmospheric water vapor
- 24. the property of water that describes how water molecules are attracted to other substances
- 29. material (as stones and sand) deposited by water, wind, or glaciers
- 30. the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition
- 34. is the study of processes in which energy is transferred as heat and as work