Enzymes

4. The energy required to start any reaction
7. Organic molecules such as vitamins and NAD+
8. reaction that has a net release of free energy.
11. sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in that cell. The chemical reactions manage the amount of energy and materials that are available to that cell
12. process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones. As the bonds break, free energy is released.

1. process of making large molecules from smaller ones. Free energy is absorbed from the surroundings to build new chemical bonds.
2. the active site as having a set shape. The substrate molecules fit perfectly into active site, like a key in a lock. Once in the active site, the chemical reaction can take place.
3. a flexible active site that changes shape, or conforms, to the substrate as they bond together.conformational change may place stress on the bonds in the substrate, making it easier for them to break and reform during the reaction.
5. the resulting molecule(s) formed after an enzyme, acting as a catalyst, has acted upon a substrate (reactant).
6. substrates in a catalysed reaction. Each substrate has a specific 3D shape that is related to the orientation required of the reaction. The tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins enable enzymes to have specific 3D shapes that are compatible with their substrate(s).
9. molecules that inhibit the activity of enzymes. That is, they reduce or stop the enzyme from functioning. Reducing enzyme activity also reduces the reaction rate.
10. reaction that absorbs free energy from the surroundings