E.S. First Semester Vocabulary Ch. 1 & 3

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Across
  1. 1. The mostly solid, rocky part of Earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust.
  2. 3. The central part of the Earth below the mantle; also the center of the sun.
  3. 6. The study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their environment.
  4. 10. The part of Earth where life exists.
  5. 11. The energy that is transferred as electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves.
  6. 13. The condition in which human needs are met in such a way that a human population can survive indefinitely.
  7. 14. The movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations; can result in the transfer of energy as heat.
  8. 16. A calculation that shows the productive area of Earth needed to support one person in a particular country.
  9. 18. The continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, the land, and the oceans.
  10. 19. In Earth science, the layer of rock between the Earth’s crust and core.
  11. 20. A mixture of gasses that surrounds a planet; such as Earth.
  12. 21. The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle.
  13. 22. The change in state from a liquid to a gas.
Down
  1. 2. Any form of water that falls to the Earth’s surface from the clouds; includes rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
  2. 4. A process in which the materials of Earth’s surface are loosened, dissolved, or wore away and transported from one place to another by a natural agent, such as wind, water, ice, or gravity.
  3. 5. A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, out most part of the mantle; also called lithospheric plate.
  4. 7. The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gasses in the absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation.
  5. 8. The transfer of energy as heat through a material.
  6. 9. A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid.
  7. 12. The solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere; made of mantle rock that flows very slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it.
  8. 15. Water that contains insignificant amounts of salts, as in rivers and lakes.
  9. 17. The raising of crops and livestock for food or for other products that are useful to humans.