Across
- 1. As a result of the Columbian Exchange, Europe experienced an economic revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries. One aspect of this was the growth of an economic system based on private ownership, and the investment of resources, such as money, for profit.
- 2. Which groups dominated the economic and political life of towns during the High Middle Ages?
- 3. His ideas questioned the infallibility of the Pope, and, as a result, many began to doubt the Pope's authority. His 95 Theses influenced individuals began to question the authority of the Church and to realize that they could have a personal relationship with God. This led to a decline in the Church's political power and income.
- 5. Papal supremacy, the threat of excommunication, clergy members serving in government, and the fact that the church was moral authority; are all examples of the Church’s _________ power in Medieval Europe.
- 7. He called for Christians to volunteer for the first Crusade.
- 8. This Renaissance ideal rejects religious beliefs, and centers on humans and their values, capacities, and worth:
- 11. The formation of _________ was a direct result of increased trade and a rising middle class during the Middle Ages.
- 12. A new idea that was developed as a result of Europe’s economic revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries; where investors can buy shares of stock in a company
- 13. European countries practiced _____________________ from the 16th through 18th centuries, when they would establish and exploit colonies, and establish a favorable balance of trade with a rival country. The main idea behind this theory is that a country’s power comes from its wealth.
- 14. In the early Middle Ages, he was able to unite much of Western Europe. His empire broke up soon after his death, mainly because of feuds and internal wars amongst his successors.
- 15. After the __________ of 1054, the names of the two branches of the Christian Church were Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox.
- 16. The church played a vital role in medieval life; by providing service to the sick and poor, providing moral guidance to rulers and served in governments, and through ________________ and rituals.
Down
- 1. Plants, animals, pathogens, and peoples were exchanged between the “Old World” and the “New World”; this has recently been named
- 4. Religious reformer Martin Luther placed great emphasis on direct examination of the Bible and peoples personal relationship to god; compared to the _______ _________ Church which placed greater emphasis on the authority of the pope, kings, and the hierarchy of feudalism.
- 6. The invention/improvement of the _____________________ and trade allowed for Renaissance ideals to spread to Northern Europe from Italy.
- 9. King ____________ of England established English common law and the jury system to broaden the system of royal justice.
- 10. The Renaissance began in _________ ___________, where there was enough wealth there to support artists and writers, and because Renaissance thinkers were interested in the learning and art of ancient Rome