Across
- 1. setting a maximum of a fifty-six hour work-week
- 8. notion that politics must be conducted in terms of the realistic assessment of power and the self-interest of individual nation-states, and the pursuit of those interests by any means
- 9. popular votes on one question or issue on the ballot;
- 10. institution in many eastern European states in which peasants were legally tied to the land that they farmed and could not leave that land without expressed permission from the baron or landowner
- 11. chief architect of the redesigned Paris under Napoleon III; redesigned Paris
- 13. conflict over a fabricated insult allegedly made by the French ambassador to the Prussia king
- 15. German chancellor and architect of German unification under the Prussian crown; ruthlessly used realpolitik in his endeavors; tried to acquire the land he believed should be part of the German Empire.
- 17. permitting picketing and other peaceful labor tactics
- 18. ended the Crimean War; solidified a complete defeat for Russia
- 21. economic and political philosophy that opposed state intervention in economic affairs, supported free trade, competition, and individual initiative as the key to success.
- 22. political and economic philosophy that supported state intervention in the economy on behalf of the disadvantaged
- 25. leader of the Liberal Party in Great Britain, though he began his career as a Tory; his government abolished tariffs, cut defense spending, lowered taxes, and kept budgets balanced
- 27. war between Prussia and Austria, named for its very short duration; was a fabricated conflict over administration of Holstein; complete victory for Prussia; clearing a major obstacle to German unification.
- 28. Tsar Alexander II's changes that he directed from above; changes in education, the judiciary, the military, expression, etc.
Down
- 2. name given to the movement for Italian unification because the movement hoped to bring Italy back to its former ancient glory through unification into one political entity
- 3. German national parliament that tried and failed to create a united German State during the 1848 revolutions.
- 4. Italian patriot, democrat, and freedom fighter; he led a legion of Italian fighters through the Kingdom of Naples
- 5. leader of the Conservative Party; his government passed the Factory Act of 1875, the Public Health Act, the Artisans Dwelling Act, and the Trade Union Act
- 6. can be considered the first modern politician due to his mastery of communication and appearances to maintain the grandeur of France
- 7. establishing a sanitary code
- 12. ended the institution of serfdom in Russia after centuries of its use
- 14. a group of mostly Italian youths and democrats who pledged to work toward a united democratic Italy
- 16. Italian patriot and democrat committed to the unification of Italy under a liberal democratic government; leader of the Young Italy organization
- 19. war that pitted Russia against the alliance of Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia; resulted in an absolute military defeat of Russia.
- 20. Sardinian prime minister and architect of Italian unification under Sardinia's crown; skillfully used realpolitik and his understanding of international relations to enhance Sardinia's stature as a European power and use the French-Austrian conflict to his advantage.
- 23. Russia's heavily fortified chief naval base in the Black Sea
- 24. German political philosopher and founder of scientific socialism; published the Communist Manifesto in 1848 and Das Kapital in 1867
- 26. Russian Tsar known as a reformer for his Great Reforms program that included changes in education, judicial matters, military readiness, and expression freedom; issued Emancipation of 1861 to free the serfs;