Evolution & Genetics

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Across
  1. 3. The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms.
  2. 6. At the centre of a DNA molecule, four different molecules bond together in pairs which form the basis of genetic codes.
  3. 9. The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.
Down
  1. 1. A structure containing millions of DNA base pairs raveled together that contains a series of specific genes along its length. In most sexually reproducing organisms, chromosomes occur in pairs, with one member of the pair being inherited from each parent.
  2. 2. Deoxyribonucleic acid. A large organic molecule composed of sub-units known as nucleotides strung together in long chains. The sequences of these nucleotides contain the information that cells need in order to grow, to divide into daughter cells, and to manufacture new proteins. Changes in DNA result in mutations, which may be beneficial, neutral, or deleterious to the organism. If these changes occur to DNA in sperm or egg cells, they could be passed onto the next generation.
  3. 4. A change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment, especially by Mutation.
  4. 5. The changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be passed down to the next generations, caused by changes in Base Pairs of DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or Chromosomes.
  5. 7. At the centre of a cell, contains all of the Chromosomes, hence, all of the genetic information that controls the cell's functions.
  6. 8. The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell while larger organisms, such as humans consist of many billions.