evolutionary biology

3. – Evolutionary history and relationships among species.
4. -This refers to the proportion of a specific allele (variant of a gene) within a population's gene pool
7. – Estimation of evolutionary timescales based on mutation rates.
9. – Random changes in allele frequencies in a population.
10. –the effect that refers to a sharp reduction in population size causing genetic diversity loss.
11. – Long-term interaction between different species, often mutually beneficial.
12. -This refers to evolutionary changes within a population or species over a relatively short period of time
14. – Movement of genes between populations through migration.

1. – Reciprocal evolutionary changes between interacting species.
2. – the effect which refers to genetic variation resulting from a small group establishing a new population.
3. – The idea that evolution occurs in rapid bursts rather than gradually.
5. – Environmental factors that influence reproductive success.
6. – Anatomical similarities due to shared ancestry.
8. – The rapid evolution of multiple species from a common ancestor.
13. – A diagram depicting evolutionary relationships.