Exam 1 Review

3. A variable that lies outside of a “causal chain” but influences the nature of the relationship between cause (x) and effect (y).
5. A research approach that focuses on understanding the behavior of a specific individual, rather than a general pattern between variables.
6. The more a theory can explain, the better.
10. A method for populating a treatment and control group that renders them equal (in expectation).
12. An error in thinking that reflects a reluctance to change our ideas in light of new information.
14. Observing the cause (x) before the effect (y) in time.
15. A word derived from a research question that is used to search for published research.
16. An error in thinking whereby only information that supports one’s view is sought out (and “negative cases” are ignored.)
18. Information that appears to be “scientific” but has not been generated using the Scientific Method.
20. A demonstration of what would have occurred in the absence of the independent variable (i.e., the cause).
21. When a theory is written simply, it has __________.

1. An established body that ensures the ethical principles of research are followed.
2. Does the proposed relationship between cause (x) and effect (y) make sense?
4. An error in thinking whereby a conclusion is reached about a large group based on only a few observations.
7. Assesses whether the independent and dependent variable are related in the proposed way.
8. The degree to which a theory can be tested.
9. A research approach that seeks to identify general patterns between variables, rather than focusing on a specific individual.
11. The degree of support for a theory garnered from research.
13. A variable that connects the cause (x) to the effect (y) to create a “causal chain.”
17. A type of research approach that starts with observations and ends with a theory.
19. Describes a bi-directional (non-causal) relationship between two variables.