Across
- 7. Small, dark lines under the fingernails or toenails, a clinical manifestation of infective endocarditis.
- 8. A serious condition where fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart and impairing its ability to pump blood effectively.
- 10. A surgical procedure to improve blood flow to the heart by creating new pathways around blocked coronary arteries, often using veins or arteries from other parts of the body.
- 13. The narrowing or constriction of a heart valve, which impedes blood flow.
- 14. A disorder of formation or conduction (or both) of electrical impulses within the heart, leading to disturbances in heart rate or rhythm, which can alter blood flow.
- 16. A type of angina characterized by increased frequency and severity of chest pain that is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, requiring urgent medical intervention.
- 24. Antibiotics given to prevent infection, sometimes prescribed in specific cases of heart conditions before certain procedures.
- 26. A type of tissue heart valve made from animal tissue (e.g., porcine or bovine) used for valve replacement.
- 27. The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart chambers fill with blood.
- 29. The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle when blood is ejected from the heart chambers.
- 30. Non-tender, macular, erythematous lesions found on the palms and soles, a clinical manifestation of infective endocarditis.
- 34. Pectoris A syndrome defined by episodes of chest pain or pressure resulting from insufficient coronary blood flow, often triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress.
- 37. An artificial heart valve made from synthetic materials, designed for durability and longevity.
- 39. A non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart, used to diagnose arrhythmias and other cardiac conditions.
- 43. A heart rhythm characterized by a fast heart rate originating from the sinus node (greater than 100 bpm).
- 45. A medical procedure using unsynchronized electrical shocks to treat life-threatening ventricular fibrillation, aiming to reset the heart's electrical activity.
- 46. An invasive diagnostic procedure where a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel and guided to the heart to assess its function and identify blockages.
Down
- 1. An electronic device that delivers electrical stimuli to the heart muscle to regulate heart rate and rhythm.
- 2. Any surgical procedure to repair a heart valve.
- 3. Heart valves or other tissues transplanted from a human cadaver.
- 4. A toxic effect of digoxin, a medication used to treat heart conditions, evidenced by symptoms like dysrhythmia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, and malaise.
- 5. The backflow of blood through a heart valve because the valve does not close properly.
- 6. A minimally invasive procedure to widen narrowed coronary arteries, often involving a balloon.
- 9. A surgical procedure to separate fused valve leaflets, typically performed for stenotic valves.
- 11. A series of progressive events that culminates in impaired cardiac output, encompassing various types like dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive.
- 12. A medication used to treat angina by dilating blood vessels, thereby decreasing myocardial oxygen demand and increasing oxygen supply.
- 15. Also known as a heart attack, it is the death of myocardial tissue due to prolonged myocardial ischemia.
- 17. The stretching of a heart valve leaflet into the atrium during systole, preventing proper closure.
- 18. The electrical recovery of heart muscle cells, leading to relaxation (diastole).
- 19. An inflammatory condition of the heart valves that can occur as a complication of rheumatic fever, often following streptococcal pharyngitis.
- 20. Tender, red, painful nodules found on the pads of fingers and toes, a clinical manifestation of infective endocarditis.
- 21. A medical procedure using synchronized electrical shocks to restore a normal heart rhythm in patients with certain tachyarrhythmias.
- 22. A heart rhythm characterized by a slow heart rate originating from the sinus node (less than 60 bpm).
- 23. A non-surgical procedure where a balloon-tipped catheter is used to enlarge a narrowed heart valve opening.
- 24. The accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac (the sac surrounding the heart).
- 25. A type of heart valve replacement made from animal tissue (bioprosthesis) or human tissue (homograft/autograft).
- 28. The abnormal accumulation of lipid deposits and fibrous tissue within arterial walls and lumen, leading to hardening and narrowing of arteries.
- 31. Syndrome An emergent situation characterized by an acute onset of myocardial ischemia, potentially leading to myocardial death (MI) if not promptly treated.
- 32. An infection of the endocardium (inner lining of the heart, including valves), often developing in people with prosthetic heart valves or structural cardiac defects.
- 33. The electrical activation of heart muscle cells, leading to contraction (systole).
- 35. A surgical repair technique for heart valves that involves the chordae tendineae, the fibrous cords that connect the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles.
- 36. Inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart.
- 38. Tissue grafts taken from the patient's own body, used in valve replacement procedures.
- 40. Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers, a clinical manifestation of infective endocarditis.
- 41. An inflammatory process involving the myocardium (heart muscle), often caused by viral infections.
- 42. A surgical procedure to repair the annulus (ring) of a heart valve, often involving the insertion of a ring to support the valve leaflets.
- 44. Insufficient blood flow to a tissue or organ, often leading to pain and impaired function.