Exam 3

1. subjective properties of an incentive such as satisfaction, pleasure or usefulness.
3. tells one how they are progressing towards their goal. Goals do not motivate behavior if feedback is not provided. It allows one to assess which instrumental behaviors are effective.
7. future incentive is represented today at a lower value. General formula for determining incentive value from amount and delay is:incentive value = Amount of incentive/(1 + Delay Interval)
9. the incentive that is chosen to be acquired or achieved.
10. deprivation increases the value and demand for the deprived substance. Ex. Food, Iphone, New model of car, video games
11. subjective value of a stimulus produces psychological demand. Stimuli with the highest valence are selected as goals.
13. 1.Goals are usually raised after success.2.Goals are usually lowered after failure.3.High self-efficacy individuals will increase effort after failure.4.Low self-efficacy individuals will decrease effort after failure.
14. select behaviors & increases expression of those behaviors.
16. highly stereotyped sequence of behavioral acts.Step by step plan to achieve a goal. They provide detailed knowledge on how to accomplish goals.

2. attractiveness of an incentive based on objective properties such as number & amount or subjective properties(one’s appraisal of objective value)
4. As objective incentive value increases, utility increases but in smaller & smaller amounts
5. social comparison used to set performance goals.
6. Use of Words
8. abstract series of behavioral acts necessary for achieving a goal. It is more general than a script. Plans include a series of sub-goals that must be met to reach the final goal.
12. positive or negative emotional feeling that the anticipated goal produces. Positive affect leads to approach, negative affect leads to avoidance.
15. manner in which a goal is perceived. Is it the opportunity for making a gain? Or avoiding a loss?