Exam 3

4. Initially prefer smaller incentive, but as time delay increases, preference switches to the larger incentive.
7. ability of an incentive to motivate depends on prior experience
9. consistently being directed towards an extrinsic or intrinsic source of motivation. Both sources of motivation can operate for different activities.
12. highly stereotyped sequence of behavioral acts.Step by step plan to achieve a goal. They provide detailed knowledge on how to accomplish goals.
15. hierarchical rank of a goal; based on value of a goal. Higher level goals have higher value.
16. one’s capability to perform a task.
17. positive or negative emotional feeling that the anticipated goal produces. Positive affect leads to approach, negative affect leads to avoidance.
21. 1.Goals are usually raised after success.2.Goals are usually lowered after failure.3.High self-efficacy individuals will increase effort after failure.4.Low self-efficacy individuals will decrease effort after failure.
22. As objective incentive value increases, utility increases but in smaller & smaller amounts
23. subjective value of a stimulus produces psychological demand. Stimuli with the highest valence are selected as goals.

1. reely chosen, inherent in the activity being performed.
2. the incentive that is chosen to be acquired or achieved.
3. subjective properties of an incentive such as satisfaction, pleasure or usefulness.
5. manner in which a goal is perceived. Is it the opportunity for making a gain? Or avoiding a loss?
6. deprivation increases the value and demand for the deprived substance. Ex. Food, Iphone, New model of car, video games
8. attractiveness of an incentive based on objective properties such as number & amount or subjective properties(one’s appraisal of objective value)
10. social comparison used to set performance goals.
11. satisfaction obtained from achieving a goal.
13. future incentive is represented today at a lower value. General formula for determining incentive value from amount and delay is:incentive value = Amount of incentive/(1 + Delay Interval)
14. Use of Words
18. tells one how they are progressing towards their goal. Goals do not motivate behavior if feedback is not provided. It allows one to assess which instrumental behaviors are effective.
19. select behaviors & increases expression of those behaviors.
20. abstract series of behavioral acts necessary for achieving a goal. It is more general than a script. Plans include a series of sub-goals that must be met to reach the final goal.