Exam 3

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Across
  1. 4. subjective value of a stimulus produces psychological demand. Stimuli with the highest valence are selected as goals.
  2. 8. highly stereotyped sequence of behavioral acts.Step by step plan to achieve a goal. They provide detailed knowledge on how to accomplish goals.
  3. 9. how precisely a goal is envisioned.
  4. 10. 1.Goals are usually raised after success.2.Goals are usually lowered after failure.3.High self-efficacy individuals will increase effort after failure.4.Low self-efficacy individuals will decrease effort after failure.
  5. 12. Processing resources - mental operations, memoryretrieval, problem solving, learning, decision making
  6. 16. subjective properties of an incentive such as satisfaction, pleasure or usefulness.
  7. 17. process by which a person becomes set to achieve a goal. It includes factors such as: persistence, determination, effort & time expenditure in pursuit of the goal.
  8. 18. manner in which a goal is perceived. Is it the opportunity for making a gain? Or avoiding a loss?
  9. 19. responding in times of mental or physical fatigue; makes success more likely. More willing to work longer without reward
  10. 23. select behaviors & increases expression of those behaviors.
  11. 25. As objective incentive value increases, utility increases but in smaller & smaller amounts
  12. 26. Fixed ratio requirement is increased, demand decreases
  13. 27. attractiveness of an incentive based on objective properties such as number & amount or subjective properties(one’s appraisal of objective value)
  14. 28. tells one how they are progressing towards their goal. Goals do not motivate behavior if feedback is not provided. It allows one to assess which instrumental behaviors are effective.
  15. 30. reely chosen, inherent in the activity being performed.
Down
  1. 1. social comparison used to set performance goals.
  2. 2. Initially prefer smaller incentive, but as time delay increases, preference switches to the larger incentive.
  3. 3. satisfaction obtained from achieving a goal.
  4. 5. future incentive is represented today at a lower value. General formula for determining incentive value from amount and delay is:incentive value = Amount of incentive/(1 + Delay Interval)
  5. 6. one’s capability to perform a task.
  6. 7. deprivation increases the value and demand for the deprived substance. Ex. Food, Iphone, New model of car, video games
  7. 11. ability of an incentive to motivate depends on prior experience
  8. 13. consistently being directed towards an extrinsic or intrinsic source of motivation. Both sources of motivation can operate for different activities.
  9. 14. positive or negative emotional feeling that the anticipated goal produces. Positive affect leads to approach, negative affect leads to avoidance.
  10. 15. abstract series of behavioral acts necessary for achieving a goal. It is more general than a script. Plans include a series of sub-goals that must be met to reach the final goal.
  11. 20. Personal estimate that a goal can be achieved.
  12. 21. hierarchical rank of a goal; based on value of a goal. Higher level goals have higher value.
  13. 22. the incentive that is chosen to be acquired or achieved.
  14. 24. visualizing a goal
  15. 29. Use of Words