Across
- 2. / Conversion of rangeland, rain-fed cropland, or irrigated cropland to desert like land, with a drop in agricultural productivity of 10% or more. It usually is caused by a combination of overgrazing, soil erosion, prolonged drought, and climate change.
- 5. / Planting crops on a long, steep slope that has been converted into a series of broad, nearly level terraces with short vertical drops from one to another that run along the contour of the land to retain water and reduce soil erosion.
- 6. / Value of an organisms, species, ecosystem or the earth's biodiversity based on its existence, regardless of whether it has any usefulness to humans.
- 7. / Area where the earth and its community of life have not been seriously disturbed by humans and where humans are only temporary visitors.
- 8. / Stands of trees resulting from secondary ecological succession.
- 13. / Catastrophic, widespread, often global event in which major groups of species are wiped out over s short time compared with normal (background) extinction
- 14. / Species that is found in only one area. Such species are especially vulnerable to extinction.
- 18. / Returning a habitat or ecosystem to a condition as similar as possible to its natural state
- 19. / Turning a degraded ecosystem into a functional or useful ecosystem without trying to restore it to its original condition (Removing pollutants, replanting)
- 23. / This hot burning fire burns the entire tree.
- 24. / Growing specialized crops such as bananas, coffee, and cacao in tropical developing countries, primarily for sale to developed countries.
- 27. / Control of pest populations by natural predators, parasites, or disease-causing bacteria and viruses (pathogens).
- 39. / Row of trees or hedges planted to partially block wind flow and reduce soil erosion on cultivated land.
- 40. / Every person in a given area has daily access to enough nutritious food to have an active and healthy life.
- 42. / Complex mixture of inorganic minerals (clay, silt, pebbles, and sand), decaying organic matter, water, air, and living organisms.
- 44. / Producing enough food for a farm family's survival and perhaps a surplus that can be sold. This type of agriculture uses higher inputs of labor, fertilizer, and water than traditional subsistence agriculture.
- 48. / Normal extinction of various species as a result of changes in local environmental conditions
- 49. / Land that supplies forage or vegetation (grasses, grasslike plants, and shrubs) for grazing and browsing animals and is not intensively managed.
- 50. / Regions that share similar plant structures and spacing, animals, climate and weather
- 51. / An ongoing condition suffered by people who cannot grow or buy enough food to meet their basic energy need.
- 55. / Plowing and planting across the changing slope of land, rather than in straight lines, to help retain water and reduce soil erosion.
- 56. / Partially decomposed organic plant and animal matter used as a soil conditioner or fertilizer.
- 57. / Crop cultivation method in which a planting surface is made by plowing land, breaking up the exposed soil, and then smoothing the surface.
- 58. / State soil of South Carolina
- 59. / Crop cultivation in which the soil is disturbed little (minimum-tillage farming) or not at all (no-till farming) to reduce soil erosion, lower labor costs, and save energy.
- 62. / Method of timber harvesting in which all trees in a forested area are removed in a single cutting.
- 63. / Freshly cut or still-growing green vegetation that is plowed into the soil to increase the organic matter and humus available to support crop growth.
- 64. / manage tract with uniformly aged trees that are harvested by clear-cutting and are then replanted
Down
- 1. / The planting of crops such as alfalfa, clover, or rye immediately after harvest to help protect and hold the soil.
- 3. / Methods used to reduce soil erosion, prevent depletion of soil nutrients, and restore nutrients already lost by erosion, leaching, and excessive crop harvesting.
- 4. / Removal of trees from a forested area without adequate replanting.
- 9. / Using large inputs of energy from fossil fuels (especially oil and natural gas), water, fertilizer, and pesticides to produce large quantities of crops and livestock for domestic and foreign sale.
- 10. / Replacing a degraded ecosystem with another type of ecosystem
- 11. / A variation of clear-cutting in which a strip of trees is clear-cut along the contour of the land, with the corridor narrow enough to allow natural regeneration within a few years. After regeneration, another strip is cut above the first, and so on.
- 12. / humans have an ethical responsibility to protect species from becoming prematurely extinct from human activities, prevent degradation, and protect biodiversity.
- 15. / Cultivation of a single crop, usually on a large area of land.
- 16. / Principle / When substantial preliminary evidence indicates an activity could harm humans or the environment, we should take precautionary measures to prevent or reduce the harm
- 17. / Ratified by 190 countries (not USA); commits participating governments to reverse the global decrease in biodiversity and to share benefits of world's genetic resources.
- 20. / Combined use of biological, chemical, and cultivation methods in proper sequence and timing to keep the size of a pest population below the size that causes economically unacceptable loss of a crop or livestock animal.
- 21. / The breaking up a habitat into smaller pieces
- 22. / Countries act as custodians of protected forest reserves in exchange for foreign aid or debt relief
- 25. / Production of enough crops or livestock for a farm family's survival and, in good years, a surplus to sell or put aside for hard times.
- 26. / Faulty nutrition, caused by a diet that does not supply an individual with enough protein, essential fats, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients needed for good health.
- 28. / Planting of crops in strips with rows of trees or shrubs on each side.
- 29. / A wild species with so few individual survivors that the species could soon become extinct in all or most of its natural range.
- 30. / Movement of soil components, especially topsoil, from one place to another, usually by wind, flowing water, or both. This natural process can be greatly accelerated by human activities that remove vegetation from soil.
- 31. / A species which plays a role which affects many other organisms in an ecosystem
- 32. / Diet so high in calories, saturated (animal) fats, salt, sugar, and processed foods and so low in vegetables and fruits that the consumer runs high risks of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and other health hazards.
- 33. / Virgin and old, second-growth forests containing trees that are often hundreds, sometimes thousands of years old.
- 34. / Accumulation of salts in soil that can eventually make the soil unable to support plant growth.
- 35. / Producing crops and livestock naturally by using organic fertilizer and natural pest control instead of using commercial inorganic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides and herbicides.
- 36. / Planting regular crops and close-growing plants, such as hay or nitrogen-fixing legumes, in alternating rows or bands to help reduce depletion of soil nutrients.
- 37. / Complex form of intercropping in which a large number of different plants maturing at different times are planted together
- 38. / Governments or private conservation organizations pay nations to preserve their natural resources.
- 41. / Cutting of intermediate-aged, mature, or diseased trees in an uneven-aged forest stand, either singly or in small groups.
- 43. / A wild species that is still abundant in its natural range but is likely to become endangered because of a decline in numbers.
- 45. / Areas especially rich in plant species that are found nowhere else and are in great danger of extinction.
- 46. / Consuming insufficient food to meet one's minimum daily energy needs for a long enough time to cause harmful effects.
- 47. / Managed grassland or enclosed meadow that usually is planted with domesticated grasses or other forage to be grazed by livestock.
- 51. /Planting a field, or an area of a field, with different crops from year to year to reduce soil nutrient depletion.
- 52. /Growing two or more different crops at the same time on a plot.
- 53. / Saturation of soil with irrigation water or excessive precipitation so that the water table rises close to the surface.
- 54. / This treaty bans the hunting, capturing and selling of 900 threatened or endangered species and restricts trade of 5,000 species animals, and 28,000 species of plants that are at risk of becoming threatened.
- 58. / The meat of terrestrial wild animals, killed for subsistence or commercial purposes throughout the humid tropics of the Americas, Asia, and Africa.
- 60. / Confined outdoor or indoor space used to raise hundreds to thousands of domesticated livestock
- 61. / This cool burning fire burns the undergrowth only and has ecological benefits.