Across
- 2. is the transformation of glucose to lactate when limited amounts of oxygen (O2) are available
- 6. the process of extracting energy from the carbohydrate sources such as fatty acids, amino acids.
- 9. regulating the actin-myosin interaction of smooth muscle
- 10. sarcomeric Ca2+ regulator for striated (skeletal and cardiac) muscle contraction.
- 11. a basic rod-like organelle of a muscle cell
- 12. calcium ions flow down this steep concentration gradient and enter the myocyte
- 14. myosin head rotates to its low energy state, pulling the filament, shortening the sarcomere
- 15. generated by the contractile element of the sarcomere, that is, the interaction between the myofibrils
- 16. a superfamily of motor proteins best known for their roles in muscle contraction and in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotes
- 17. made up of a motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by the neuron's axon terminals, including the neuromuscular junctions between the neuron and the fibres
- 18. a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils.
- 19. demonstrates the shortening of muscles due to the movement of the contractile proteins.
- 21. actin-myosin bind is weakened and myosin detaches
- 22. a muscle contraction without motion
- 23. multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells
- 24. a large family of integral components of actin filaments that play a critical role in regulating the function of actin filaments in both muscle and nonmuscle cells.
- 26. describes the rapid communication between electrical events occurring in the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fibres and Ca2+ release from the SR, which leads to contraction.
- 27. myosin head hydrolyses ATP to ADP, moved back to high energy/cocked state
Down
- 1. cell experiences a decrease of voltage due to the efflux of potassium (K+) ions along its electrochemical gradient.
- 3. a complex network of specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum that is important in transmitting the electrical impulse as well as in the storage of calcium ions
- 4. myosin binds to actin binding site to form a cross bridge
- 5. Contractions that involve shortening of the muscle
- 7. the sudden reversal in electrical potential from negative to positive
- 8. describes the amount of tension that is produced by a muscle as a feature of it's length.
- 13. phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle
- 20. increasing heart rate increases contractile force
- 25. invaginations of the plasma membrane, which are present exclusively in striated muscle. Their role is to maintain the SR calcium store under the tight control of membrane depolarization via the voltage sensor channel