Experimental Design

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Across
  1. 4. (within subjects design)An experiment in which the same subjects are assigned to each group. Also called within-subjects design or within-persons design.
  2. 5. Experimental design in which the experimental and control groups are studied with and without a pretest.
  3. 6. Deterioration in participant performance with repeated testing.
  4. 9. Observations of one or more specific variable, usually made in a precisely defined setting.
  5. 14. A variable that is not controlled in a research investigation. In an experiment, the experimental groups differ on both the independent variable and the confounding variable.
  6. 15. (also learning effect)Improvement in participant performance with repeated testing.
  7. 16. A method of assigning subjects to groups in which pairs of subjects are first matched on some characteristic and then individually assigned randomly to groups.
  8. 18. A counterbalancing technique to control for order effects without having all possible orders.
  9. 20. The certainty with which results of an experiment can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable rather than to some other, confounding variable.
  10. 21. Differences in the type of subjects who make up each group in an experimental design. One way such differences can arise is by allowing participants to choose which group they will be assigned to.
Down
  1. 1. Use of a random “chance” procedure (such as a random number generator or coin toss) to determine which condition an individual will participate in.
  2. 2. (also atrittion)The loss of subjects who decide to leave an experiment. It is a threat to internal validity when the ___________ rate is related to the nature of the experimental manipulation.
  3. 3. A true experimental design in which the dependent variable (posttest) is measured only once, after manipulation of the independent variable.
  4. 7. In a repeated measures design, the effect that the order of introducing treatment has on the dependent variable.
  5. 8. A true experimental design in which the dependent variable is measured both before (pretest) and after (posttest) manipulation of the independent variable.
  6. 10. A method of controlling for order effects in a repeated measures design by changing the order of conditions presented to the participants.
  7. 11. An experiment in which different subjects are assigned to each group. Also called between-subjects design or between-persons design.
  8. 12. (repeated measures design)An experiment in which the same subjects are assigned to each group. Also called repeated measures design or a within-persons design.
  9. 13. A problem that may occur in repeated measures designs if the effects of one treatment are still present when the next treatment is given.
  10. 17. The loss of subjects who decide to leave an experiment. See mortality.
  11. 19. An experiment in which different subjects are assigned to each group. Also called independent groups design or between-persons design.