Failing Heart

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Across
  1. 4. What is the tension, force or stress acting on ventricular wall myocytes after onset of shortening?
  2. 6. Which sided heart failure has dyspnoea resolved by diuretic therapy?
  3. 8. What overloads heart chambers due to septal defects?
  4. 12. What is a regulatory protein of the contractile apparatus and a marker of myocardial tissue injury or necrosis?
  5. 13. What is 'impaired' by primary (DCM) or secondary myocardial failure?
  6. 15. Which peptide is a marker of neurohormonal activation suggestive of remodelling/ventricular dilation?
  7. 17. What is the heart encased within?
  8. 19. What is the typical prognosis for cardiac disease?
  9. 20. What is defined as difficult, laboured or painful breathing?
  10. 21. Which rhythm is the merging of S3 and S4?
Down
  1. 1. What is a loss of consciousness due to reduced cerebral blood flow?
  2. 2. What insufficiency is the most common cause of volume overload?
  3. 3. Which disease has dyspnoea resolved with bronchodilators, steroids and antibiotics?
  4. 5. Which arterial pulse is usually used for small animals?
  5. 7. What is associated with decreased oxygenation and blue tinged MM?
  6. 9. Which valve is best heard LHS 3rd ICS close to the sternum?
  7. 10. Which valve is best heard LHS 4th ICS 1/3 of the way up?
  8. 11. Which animal coughs in advance or acute heart failure?
  9. 13. What is loss of total body fat and lean mass despite normal appetite and adequate therapy due to cardiac disease?
  10. 14. Which valve is best heard RHS 3rd or 4th ICS 1/4 of the way up?
  11. 16. What is the volume of blood returning to the ventricle (ventricular end-diastolic volume)?
  12. 18. Which valve is best heard LHS 5th ICS 1/4 of the way up?