Across
- 4. of Burgesses:The first democratically elected legislative body in colonial America, established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619.
- 5. Destiny:The 19th-century belief that the United States was divinely ordained to expand its dominion and spread democracy across the North American continent.
- 6. of Confederation:The first government established by the United States (1781–1789), which created a weak central government and left most power with the individual states.
- 7. Compromise:An agreement that counted three-fifths of a state's enslaved population toward that state's total population for purposes of both representation in the House of Representatives and direct taxation.
- 8. of Rights:The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantee fundamental freedoms and individual rights, added to protect citizens from potential government overreach.
- 12. who opposed the ratification of the Constitution, fearing it gave too much power to the national government, and demanded the addition of a Bill of Rights.
- 13. Sense:A highly influential 1776 pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that used clear, persuasive arguments to urge the colonists toward immediate independence from Great Britain.
- 18. Awakening:A series of religious revivals in the 1730s and 1740s that emphasized personal faith, emotional worship, and challenged the authority of established clergy.
- 20. who supported the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and advocated for a strong national government.
- 23. Trade:A system of trade in the colonial era, often called the Triangular Trade, involving the exchange of goods between the American colonies, Great Britain, and Africa/West Indies.
- 26. Without Representation:The core colonial grievance that the British Parliament had no right to levy taxes on the colonists because the colonists were not represented in that body.
- 27. of Independence:The document adopted on July 4, 1776, by the Continental Congress, formally proclaiming that the thirteen American colonies were independent from Great Britain.
- 28. Neglect:An unofficial British policy of loosely enforcing or not enforcing trade laws in the American colonies, which fostered colonial self-government and economic freedom until the mid-1700s.
- 30. system of government in which power is constitutionally divided between a central (federal) government and regional (state) governments.
Down
- 1. of Paris (1783):The agreement signed by Great Britain and the United States that officially ended the American Revolutionary War and formally recognized American independence.
- 2. economic theory where a mother country's goal is to accumulate wealth by exporting more than it imports, using its colonies for cheap raw materials and as an exclusive market.
- 3. Acts:A series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, which closed the port of Boston and curtailed local self-governance.
- 9. Colonies:The "Breadbasket Colonies," known for their fertile soil, grain production, and diverse population of various European backgrounds.
- 10. of Saratoga:A decisive American victory in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, considered the turning point because it convinced France to officially join the war as an American ally.
- 11. Locke:A 17th-century English philosopher whose ideas about the social contract and natural rights heavily influenced the American Revolution and the founding documents.
- 14. Compact:An agreement signed by the Pilgrims in 1620 to establish a basic government and legal system for the Plymouth Colony, representing an early form of self-government.
- 15. Act:A 1765 British law that required colonists to pay a tax on printed materials, including legal documents, pamphlets, and newspapers, leading to significant colonial protest.
- 16. England Colonies:The northern colonial region, characterized by an economy based on trade, fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding due to rocky soil and a cold climate.
- 17. is an excellent idea for studying\! Here are the 30 terms and their definitions formatted into a simple list that you can easily copy and paste into tools like crosswordlabs.com:
- 19. Line of 1763:A British-issued boundary that prohibited American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains in an effort to prevent conflict with Native American tribes.
- 21. Rebellion:An uprising of Massachusetts farmers in 1786–1787 that highlighted the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to maintain order.
- 22. Passage:The forced, harrowing voyage across the Atlantic Ocean endured by millions of enslaved Africans being transported from Africa to the Americas.
- 24. Colonies:The southernmost region, focused on cash crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo, relying heavily on the plantation system and enslaved labor.
- 25. Rights:Fundamental human rights identified by John Locke, including "life, liberty, and property," which Thomas Jefferson adapted to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration.
- 29. Compromise:The agreement that established the national legislature (Congress) with two houses: the House of Representatives (based on state population) and the Senate (equal representation for each state).
- 30. and Indian War:A major conflict (1754–1763) between Great Britain and France over control of the Ohio River Valley, resulting in a decisive British victory and the acquisition of vast North American territory.