Across
- 4. It is a weakness if reasoning contradicts
- 8. contary to reason or logic
- 10. are arguments that assume what they’re trying to prove.
- 12. makes two or more contradictory claims
- 14. for the purposes of this course, is an unstated reason. It is something that must be true for an argument to work, but which is not explicitly stated in the argument.
- 16. Latin for “against the man”.
- 17. Appeals to the audience's logic and reason, building up logical arguments. For example, you can use facts and statistics, and avoid logical fallacies.
- 19. is an argument that attempts to establish its conclusion by citing a perceived authority who claims that the conclusion is true.
- 21. Appeals to the audience's emotions, trying to make them feel angry, sympathetic, or concerned. For example, you can use vivid language, metaphors, or personal stories to evoke emotion.
Down
- 1. fallacy is committed when one reasons that just because two things are found together (i.e. are correlated) there must be a direct causal connection between them.
- 2. Arguments by analogy rest on a comparison between two cases.
- 3. are common errors of reasoning.
- 5. When presented with observational evidence to support a claim, we need to be wary
- 6. often use specific cases to support general conclusions
- 7. Sometimes one event can set of a chain of consequences; one thing leads to another
- 9. Arguments frequently make _____ to authority, emotions, etc.
- 11. The fact that the reader disagrees with a claim.
- 13. are considered and rejected in an attempt to strengthen the author’s case.
- 15. arguments are arguments that misrepresent a position in order to refute it.
- 18. Appeals to the speaker's authority or credibility, making the audience more likely to trust them.
- 20. Argument often make use of ____.