Famous Earth Scientists

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Across
  1. 2. German geologist and mineralogist famous for developing the a Hardness Scale for comparing mineral characteristics.
  2. 3. Greco-Egyptian astronomer who developed the earliest geocentric (Earth-centered) model of the universe.
  3. 7. French chemist and microbiologist who discovered that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease (known as the Germ Theory) and originated the process of pasteurization.
  4. 10. American geologist who identified mid-ocean ridges and explained how new crust is formed on the ocean floor through his theory of Seafloor Spreading.
  5. 12. Flemish geographer and cartographer whose most important innovation became known as the [last name] map projection.
  6. 14. French zoologist and paleontologist whose work in comparative anatomy helped him identify the fossils of an extinct flying reptile, which he named Pterodactylus.
  7. 16. English chemist whose atomic theory became the theoretical foundation in chemistry.
  8. 18. American astronomer and cosmologist known for his work on planetary research.
  9. 19. American volcanologist who was killed during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, and had a ridge named after him.
  10. 20. Russian chemist who arranged the 63 known elements according to their atomic mass on a Periodic Table.
  11. 21. Ancient Greek mathematician who explained the physical law of Buoyancy through his own Principle.
  12. 23. Canadian geophysicist and pioneer of the theory of Plate Tectonics who identified transform plate boundaries and proposed that plates move over "hotspots" in the crust to form volcanic islands.
  13. 24. Swedish astronomer who created the Celsius (or centigrade) temperature scale.
Down
  1. 1. Scottish engineer and physicist who invented the absolute temperature scale, measured in Kelvins.
  2. 4. British surveyor of India whose work resulted in the world's tallest mountain being named after him.
  3. 5. German astronomer who discovered three major laws of planetary motion.
  4. 6. German geophysicist who proposed the idea that Earth's continents move through his theory of Continental Drift, and suggested the idea of an ancient supercontinent called Pangaea.
  5. 8. American physicist and seismologist who developed a scale for measuring earthquake magnitude.
  6. 9. Polish-born French physicist who became the first woman (and a two-time winner) of the Nobel Prize as a pioneer in the field of radiation, which led to the medical use of X-Rays.
  7. 11. German physicist who invented the mercury thermometer and originated the Fahrenheit temperature scale.
  8. 13. Italian astronomer who supported the idea of a heliocentric (sun-centered) universe and improved the invention of the telescope to prove it.
  9. 14. French oceanographer who invented the first Aqua Lung or "self-contained underwater breathing apparatus" (scuba).
  10. 15. Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the solar system in which the earth orbits annually around the sun and rotates daily on its own axis.
  11. 17. Ancient Greek philosopher, sometimes called the "grandfather of science", whose use of experimentation and logical ways of thinking became the basis of the Scientific Method.
  12. 22. American astronomer who played a crucial role in establishing the field of extragalactic astronomy and created a classification system for galaxies called the {last name] Sequence.