Across
- 2. Different nephron parts (like ...... tubules vs. medullary cells) have unique metabolic profiles and preferred substrates to meet their specialized functions.
- 5. A major ...... source, especially in proximal tubules, supporting the high energy needs for solute reabsorption.
- 7. Kidneys clear insulin, activate Vitamin D, and influence ........vitamin metabolism.
- 8. Kidneys are a major site (producing ~25% of blood glucose) for synthesizing glucose from amino acids, lactate, and pyruvate, especially during fasting.
Down
- 1. Kidneys have one of the highest metabolic rates, using large amounts of ATP for active transport to filter blood and ....... vital substances.
- 3. Renal metabolism is linked to systemic processes, affecting glucose homeostasis, ....... breakdown (cachexia), and cardiovascular health, with dysfunction contributing to insulin resistance and inflammation.
- 4. Renal cells can use various fuels, including fatty acids (preferred in proximal tubules), glucose, lactate, amino acids (glutamine, citrate), and ..........
- 6. Kidneys are critical for reabsorbing filtered amino acids (nearly 100%) and also synthesize some (like arginine, tyrosine) and help regulate acid-base balance through ..... metabolism.