Feudalism during the Middle Ages in Western Europe

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Across
  1. 3. A public display of loyalty and allegiance by a vassal to their lord.
  2. 7. A defensive structure such as a wall or a moat.
  3. 8. A fortified residence of a lord or king
  4. 10. An association of craftsmen or merchants for mutual benefit.
  5. 11. A peasant tied to the land, working for the lord in exchange for protection.
  6. 15. A tax or payment to the Church, often one-tenth of a peasant’s income.
  7. 16. The head of the Catholic Church
  8. 17. A person who receives a fief and owes loyalty and service to a lord.
  9. 18. Church officials who played a large tole in feudal society.
Down
  1. 1. A warrior who swore loyalty to a lord, often serving in battle.
  2. 2. Land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service.
  3. 3. A person who inherits land or wealth
  4. 4. The king or queen who rules over the
  5. 5. A noble who owns land and grants it to vassals.
  6. 6. A large and important church in a region.
  7. 9. Payment made to a lord or ruler for protection
  8. 11. A young noble training to become a knight.
  9. 12. A formal pledge of loyalty by a vassal to their lord.
  10. 13. The estate controlled by a lord, including farmland and villages.
  11. 14. The code of conduct followed by knights, emphasizing honor and duty.