Final

Edit Answers
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152
Across
  1. 3. The removal of an individual (from society), for a set amount of time, so as they cannot commit crimes (in society) for an amount of time in the future.
  2. 5. The temporary confinement of a juvenile in a secure facility while awaiting a hearing or disposition. This is the juvenile equivalent of being held in jail before trial, and its use is often a subject of debate in the system.
  3. 6. Suggests that low self-control, often rooted in ineffective parenting, is a primary factor in criminal behavior.
  4. 10. A form of suspended sentence that allows offenders to serve their time under supervision in the community instead of in jail. It aims to rehabilitate individuals while monitoring their behavior.
  5. 12. Argues that strong social bonds can prevent crime through attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.
  6. 14. Provides explanations for observations about the world, particularly in criminology where it seeks to understand the causes of crime.
  7. 15. Days that an offender is free from incidents, write-ups, tickets, or other ways to describe rule infractions.
  8. 19. A form of conditional early release from incarceration granted by a parole board after reviewing an offender’s case. It is not automatic but rather a decision based on factors like the offender's institutional record, post-release plans, and the potential risk to the community.
  9. 23. These prisons feature dormitory-style housing and are generally reserved for non-violent offenders with shorter sentences. They focus on rehabilitation and reintegration into society.
  10. 24. An act committed by a minor that would be considered a crime if committed by an adult. This is the central concept of juvenile justice, distinguishing the actions of young offenders from adult criminals.
  11. 25. A philosophical underpinning or punishment ideology that is geared toward “a balance for past harm.” It is the only backward-looking punishment ideology.
  12. 28. A process that redirects an individual away from the formal justice system at some stage. It aims to provide alternative pathways to address behavior without traditional punitive measures.
  13. 29. Specialized court programs that assist individuals in recovering from substance use disorders. They involve collaboration among judges, prosecutors, and caseworkers to support comprehensive treatment and reduce recidivism.
  14. 32. Classify offenders coming from various courts after felony convictions. They play a crucial role in determining the appropriate facility for each individual.
  15. 33. Have dormitory-style housing but house more serious offenders than minimum security facilities. They may include individuals with disruptive behavior.
  16. 34. A community-based sentence that allows a juvenile to remain in their home under the supervision of a probation officer. This is one of the most common dispositions, emphasizing rehabilitation and support rather than institutionalization.
  17. 36. A legal doctrine giving the state the right and responsibility to act as a parent or guardian for a minor in need of protection. This is the philosophical foundation of the juvenile justice system, which historically focused on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
  18. 37. The cyclical pattern where individuals are arrested, incarcerated, released, and then re-arrested and re-incarcerated, often repeatedly. This concept highlights the high rates of recidivism, or the tendency for formerly incarcerated individuals to reoffend, within the criminal justice system.
  19. 39. A facility where individuals are confined under state authority, typically as punishment for crimes. It serves to rehabilitate offenders and maintain public safety.
  20. 40. A facility used for individuals who are in the custody of a legal arm of a state (or subsidiary).
  21. 41. Facilities built and managed by private corporations for profit. They often operate under different regulations compared to state-run prisons.
  22. 42. Focuses on how being labeled as a criminal can perpetuate criminal behavior, emphasizing societal reactions over the act itself.
  23. 43. The changing of offender's behaviors, so that they are not committing crimes in the future.
  24. 44. A form of release from prison where an inmate is released after serving a specific portion of their sentence, as mandated by law.
  25. 46. The movement of individuals between different types of institutions, particularly when those institutions are within the criminal justice system or related to mental health care. It involves the shifting of individuals between prisons, psychiatric facilities, and other settings, often resulting in a cycle of confinement.
  26. 47. The scientific study of law-breaking, law-making, and society's responses to criminal behavior.
  27. 48. Programs that are designed to reform offenders through physical activity and discipline. These programs focus on instilling structure and accountability in participants.
  28. 50. Identifies multiple sources of strain, including failure to achieve goals and negative stimuli.
  29. 51. Refers to the failure of social institutions to regulate individual behavior due to weakened community ties.
  30. 52. Designed for high-risk inmates, including those with severe mental health issues, and often keep prisoners in their cells for nearly all day. Their operational focus varies based on the inmate population.
Down
  1. 1. The final decision or sentence in a juvenile case, which is equivalent to sentencing in adult court. The disposition can involve a range of options, from probation and community service to placement in a juvenile detention facility.
  2. 2. Aims to prevent crime through the threat of punishment, which is most effective when it is certain, swift, and severe.
  3. 4. States that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others, especially in close relationships.
  4. 7. A community-based approach that focuses on repairing harm and restoring relationships after wrongdoing. It emphasizes accountability and healing for both victims and offenders.
  5. 8. Suggests that criminal behavior is influenced by biological factors such as genetics and brain structure.
  6. 9. Suggests that individuals consent to relinquish some self-interests for societal protection against lawbreakers.
  7. 11. Serve as temporary housing for individuals needing supervision and support after leaving prison. They may offer outpatient treatment and full-time residency based on individual needs.
  8. 12. An act that is considered a crime only because the individual who committed it is a minor. Examples include truancy (skipping school), running away from home, and violating curfew. These offenses are a unique feature of the juvenile justice system.
  9. 13. Include the right to free speech, religion, adequate nutrition, medical care, and protection against violence. These rights are essential for maintaining humane conditions within prisons.
  10. 16. Refers to the extension of many Bill of Rights protections to prisoners. This movement aimed to ensure fair treatment and legal rights within the prison system.
  11. 17. Provide transitional living for individuals re-entering society after incarceration. They offer support and supervision to help residents reintegrate successfully.
  12. 18. Evaluates the morality of actions based on their outcomes, advocating for the greatest good for the greatest number.
  13. 20. Emphasizes the use of empirical evidence and scientific inquiry to understand and address the causes of criminal behavior.
  14. 21. Refers to the high rates of imprisonment in the United States, particularly since the 1970s. This phenomenon disproportionately affects marginalized communities, especially Black and Latino individuals.
  15. 22. Focuses on preventing future offenses by threatening severe punishments for those caught committing crimes. It aims to discourage both the offender and others from criminal behavior.
  16. 26. The formal process in juvenile court that is equivalent to a trial in adult court. During an adjudication hearing, a judge determines whether the juvenile is responsible for the delinquent act they are accused of.
  17. 27. The process by which a juvenile court relinquishes its jurisdiction over a case and transfers it to an adult criminal court. This is a critical legal mechanism used for juveniles accused of serious or violent offenses.
  18. 30. The social construction of crime indicates that definitions of criminality can change over time and are influenced by social and political contexts.
  19. 31. The assumption that individuals can make rational choices based on perceived benefits and consequences.
  20. 35. Posits that stress or pressure can lead individuals to engage in criminal activity when there is a gap between cultural goals and legitimate means.
  21. 38. Primarily house violent offenders serving long sentences, often in single-occupancy cells. Inmates spend most of their time confined to their cells.
  22. 45. Transition from dormitory housing to cells, typically housing two individuals per cell. They have heightened security measures, including fences and reduced freedom of movement.
  23. 49. Posits that individuals are motivated to seek maximum pleasure and avoid pain or punishment.