Across
- 3. describes how many covalent bonds an atom can form
- 5. large molecules within vesicles dissolve into the plasma membrane and are secreted to
- 6. the process of crossing two different strains or species to produce offspring that exhibit traits from both parent organisms, resulting in increased genetic diversity
- 10. substance that has an affinity for water
- 11. a specific molecule is altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a product
- 14. where separated chromosomes reach the poles, the nuclear membrane begins to reform around each set of chromosomes, and the cell prepares to divide through cytokinesis
- 15. the protein-making "machines" of the cell
- 16. The synthesis of polymers from monomers
- 17. visual representation of an individual complete set of chromosomes, arranged and classified by size, shape, and number, used to identify chromosomal abnormalitiepistasisropy a gene that can have multiple phenotypic effects
- 19. large vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi complex
- 22. a protein that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by it
- 23. The loss of electrons from a reactant can be considered a loss of oxygen by glucose
- 28. where homologous pairs align at the cell metaphase plate, and prepare to separate to opposite poles
- 29. the gain of electrons by a reactant; often in the form of a hydrogen atom bound to the electron
- 31. are subatomic particles that are negatively charged
- 33. homologous chromosomes pair up, exchange genetic material through crossing over, and condense into visible structures
- 35. carry genes in the form of DNA
- 36. where the cell prepares for division by growing, replicating its DNA, and carrying out normal cellular functions, consisting of 3 sub-phases G1, S, G2
- 39. "splits" 1 glucose (6 carbon sugar) into 2 pyruvic acids (each has 3 carbon)
- 40. a hypothesis for natural phenomena that is exceptionally well supported by the data
- 41. an organism's genetic makeup for a particular trait
- 42. the dissolving agent of a solution
- 44. The reactant(s) that an enzyme acts on
- 46. substances that donate an additional H+ to a solution
- 47. are the reproductive cell that transmits genes from one generation to the next
- 48. division of the cytoplasm into two genetically identical cells
- 49. Commonly used to identify evolutionary relationships amongst prokaryotes
- 50. cells that do not contain their genetic material insidFlagellumus
Down
- 1. homologous chromosomes pair up, exchange genetic material through crossing over, and condense into visible structures
- 2. an organism that has a pair of 2 different alleles for a particular trait
- 4. are polymers composed of monomers canucleotidestides
- 7. diffusion of water across a cells membrane
- 8. allows for movement to or away from a stimulus
- 9. division of genetic material to produce two genetically different cells
- 12. a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can lead to testable predictions
- 13. when two gametes meet, then restore the diploid or 2n number of chromosomes per cell
- 18. homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell, ensuring that each daughter cell will receive one chromosome from each pair
- 20. breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a recessive homozygotes
- 21. formed by the peptide bonding of amino acids to each other in long chains
- 24. a structure in the nondividing nucleus where ribosomal (rRNA) is synthesized
- 25. anything that takes up space or has mass
- 26. double-stranded genetic material that individuals inherit from one generation to the next
- 27. partial degradation of sugars, such as glucose, without the use of O2
- 30. the strictly eukaryotic organelle where photosynthesis occurs
- 32. a single prokaryotic cell divides into 2 daughter cells
- 34. the cell takes up large molecules within vesicles formed around them at the plasma membrane
- 36. an allosteric regulator that binds to one of the enzymes subunits and stabilizes the inactive form of the enzyme
- 37. an organism's observable appearance particular trait
- 38. the energy associated with the relative motion of objects
- 43. large molecules that are not classified as macromoleculemoleculesrs a large molecule that is composed of many similar identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds
- 45. an allosteric regulator that binds to one of the enzyme subunits and stabilizes the active form of the enzyme