Across
- 2. Influential American folk singer and songwriter; his “Deportee” exemplifies both his political and social activism and his knowledge and use of corrido form
- 3. The money that immigrants send back to their communities; an estimated US $20 billion
- 7. Contentious 1994 California law, passed by referendum, that sought to prohibit illegal aliens’ access to health care, education and other social services. Although it was later found to be unconstitutional, it exemplified the anti-immigrant climate of U.S. politics
- 9. rhythmic pattern of Latin origin featuring a dotted quarter and an eighth note followed by two quarters
- 11. Mexican alternative rock band, formed in Mexico City in 1985, that combines elements of ska, rock, and traditional Mexican music in a celebration of street culture but also criticism of social issues; their song “Mojado” is a classic example of mainstream Mexican views of immigration
- 13. A symbol and metaphor for the decline of the Spanish/Mexican order in the U.S. Southwest after the U.S.-Mexican War, it appeared often in romance novels of the post-war period
- 16. Afro-Caribbean dance genre of Colombian origin, but which has become so entrenched in Mexican culture that many Mexicans consider it to be a Mexican genre and is therefore featured in conjunto repertoire
- 19. ________ Artists: those who, culturally, feel equally at home in both countries and therefore create eclectic musics that reflect these allegiances, without feeling that they must compromise or choose one over the other
- 20. Mexico as an _________, one of the three main ways in which Mexico is represented in U.S. popular music/culture: the notion that Mexico offers a respite from the law, the social mores, etc. of mainstream U.S. society
- 22. A corrido relating to the drug traffic; while controversial and often banned, they are extremely popular on both sides of the border
- 23. Conjunto norteño known for their romantic music, dance music as well as narcocorridos; their lyrics often use code words to refer to drug lore, such as in “Mis tres animales”
- 24. Mexican-American singer, known as “La Diva de la Banda”, who became successful in the male-dominated banda and narcocorrido scene until her death in a plane crash in 2012
- 26. Mexican singer and songwriter who wrote many narcocorridos on commission, cultivated a bandit persona and reached fame after being assassinated while on tour in his home state of Sinaloa in 1992; he sparked a revival in the corrido genre
- 31. Carlos ________, Mexican-born guitar virtuoso who pioneered Latin rock fusion and has collaborated with many other notable musicians from both sides of the border
- 32. Mexican singer and songwriter, known as “El amo del corrido,” who primarily wrote narcocorridos, many of them made famous by Los Tigres del Norte, but also wrote some corridos addressing immigration, such as “El Vagón de la Muerte”
- 33. Mexican-born singer, composer, and anthropologist who grew up traveling back and forth between the U.S. and Mexico and mixes Mexican folk music, blues, jazz and rock among others; she is the quintessential binational artist
- 34. Binational __________: a metaphor for the cultural manifestations of the U.S.-Mexico encounter; the impact of a shared experience and representations of Self and Other that both countries participate in creating
- 36. Mexican DJ and electronic artist based in Tijuana who was among the founders of Nortec Collective and mixes norteño samples with electronica to create a distinctive sound
Down
- 1. The use and knowledge of both English and Spanish; it is an increasing feature of the border region and beyond
- 4. rhythmic pattern of Cuban origin featuring a series of eighth notes arranged in irregular groups of 2 and 3; a fundamental element of Afro-Cuban musics
- 5. The Mexican ___________, one of the three main ways in which Mexico is represented in U.S. popular music/culture, this seductive or seduced woman represents both the ambivalent desire the U.S. persona feels towards Mexico but also the subjugated position of Mexico vis-a-vis the U.S.
- 6. One of the most pressing issues of the U.S.-Mexico relationship, it can be said to have transformed the demographics of the border region as well as the U.S. at large over the past 70 years
- 8. A repatriation program that operated from 1953-1955, during which undocumented workers but also many American citizens were deported to Mexico
- 10. Mexican pop rock band, formed in Guadalajara in 1986, that often incorporates elements of música tropical to comment on social issues; their song “Pobre Juan” exemplifies mainstream Mexican views of immigration
- 12. Term that applies to many hybrid genres of Afro-Caribbean origin or influence; in Mexican rock, its elements are often used to deliver a political message or social commentary
- 14. _______ Program, a program designed by the Mexican government to encourage foreign investment in the manufacturing sector and to provide employment for the workers now unemployed due to the end of the Bracero program
- 15. Legendary Mexican bandit whose exploits during the California Gold Rush were immortalized in a corrido; this represents an early example of an immigrant narrative
- 17. The process whereby a minority group, such as immigrants, gradually adapts to the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture. Historically, Mexican immigrants have shown a tendency to resist it
- 18. Mexican singer, known as “El Gallo de Oro”, who won fame posthumously after being assassinated in Reynosa
- 21. Mexicans as ___________, this view emerges in sympathetic representations of Mexico in U.S. popular music/culture, but also in mainstream Mexican responses to the immigration issue, in which the wronged immigrant is symbolic of Mexico vis-a-vis the U.S.
- 25. An assembly plant in Mexico, usually in the border area, where U.S. goods are assembled while taking advantage of lower Mexican wages
- 27. Immigration ______: U.S. legislation that eliminated national origin quotas, resulting in a decline of the proportion of Western European immigration to the U.S. (vs. Latin American immigration)
- 28. Latin dance genre developed by Cuban and Puerto Rican immigrants in New York, featuring elements from Cuban son, percussion and jazz improvisation
- 29. Influential Mexican singer and songwriter, his song “Canción 187” exemplifies the mainstream Mexican view of immigration
- 30. U.S. alternative band, formed in California but based in Tucson, whose eclectic mix of genres including mariachi, surf, jazz, pop, and country among others defies categorization
- 35. Mexican rap-metal band, formed in Mexico City in 1995, famous for their irreverent take on social issues and their extensive use of bilingual lyrics, which results partly from drummer Randy Ebright being American