Across
- 1. a self-propagating chemical reaction in which activation on one molecule leads successfully to the activation of may others.One type of chain reaction is called combustion reaction.
- 5. an exothermic chain reaction between oxidation and reducing agents or between oxygen and fuel.
- 6. refers to fuel, heat and oxygen.
- 9. a physical state of matter that has low density and viscosity,can expand and contract greatly in response to changes in temperature and pressure and readily and uniformly distributes itself throughout any container.
- 10. a chemical reaction that involves heat;combustion reaction is a type of exothermic reaction.
- 11. a combustible liquid that has a flash point below 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
- 13. substances or mixtures of substances consisting of a fuel and an oxidizer used to initiate a fire.
- 14. zones areas at a hazardous materials incident whose boundaries are based on safety and the degree of hazard generally includes the hot zone,decontamination zone,and support zone.
- 15. the light and heat manifested by the rapid oxidation of combustible materials.A flame may be manifested but is not required.
- 16. transfer of heat by the movement of molecules in a gas or liquid with the less dense fluid rising.The majority of heat transfer in a fire is by convection.
- 17. a white or light-gray mineral, obtained primarily from actinolite and amphibole, occurring in long slender needles or fibrous masses that may be woven or shaped into acid-resisting,non-conducting,and fire proof articles.
- 19. unit of temperature (K) measurement used to measure the color temperature of light.
- 21. refers to any material used to initiate or promote the spread of a fire.
- 23. a mode of energy associated with and proportional to molecular motion that may be transferred from one body to another by conduction,convection or radiation.
- 34. a criminal act of setting fire to a building or other property on purpose.
- 35. a component of gasoline but also a major breakdown product of pyrolysis released when certain polymers are heated.
- 38. the visible path of fire on a surface or surfaces.
- 39. one of the portions of a volatile liquid within certain boiling point ranges such as petroleum naphtha fraction or gas-oil fractions.
- 40. an atom,molecule or radical that has lost or gained one or more electrons thus,acquiring an electric charge.positively charge ions are cations.Negatively charge ions are anions.
- 41. compounds that are unstable and breakdown with the sudden release of large amount of energy.
- 44. the means by which burning is started.
- 45. the temperature at which a pool of liquid will generate sufficient vapor to form an ignitable vapor/air mixture.
- 48. heavy petroleum distillate ranging from 1 (kerosine or range oil), up to 6 (heavy bunker fuel). In order for it to be identified as fuel oil, a sample must exhibit a homologous series of normal alkaline ranging from C9 and upward.
- 49. This term is used when a fire originates in a large area or when the exact point of origin can not be determined.
- 50. to burn with intense heat and light.
- 52. able to ignite and burn
- 53. fuel,heat,oxygen and a chemical chain reaction.
- 54. refine petroleum used as fuel for internal combustion engine.
- 55. a substance that increases the rate of chemical reaction without undergoing a permanent change in its structure.
Down
- 2. This trail can leave a distinct mark on the floor of a fire scene.
- 3. an enclosed laboratory cabinet with a movable sash or fixed access port on the front,connected to a ventilating system that may incorporate air scrubbing or filtering facilities.
- 4. the rate at which combustion proceeds across a fuel.
- 7. temperature at which crystals start to form as a liquid is slowly cooled,alternatively,the temperature at which a solid substance begins to melt as it is slowly heated.
- 8. to break into discrete atoms,usually by the application of extreme heat,as in atomic absorption.
- 12. a mixture of two or more compounds that have a constant boiling point. These mixtures cannot be separated by fractional distillation.
- 15. the movement of a flame to a fuel source;typically occurs via the vapor of a highly volatile liquid or by a flammable gas escaping from the cylinder.
- 18. a fire that spreads with usual speed as one that races over flammable liquids or through combustible gases.
- 20. fire intentionally set by human hands often involving the use of an accelerant to increase and spread the rate and intensity of burning.
- 22. a chemical combination of two or more elements or two or more different atoms arranged in the same proportions and in the same structure throughout the substance.
- 24. a measure of the quantity of a liquid converted to vapor in a unit of time.
- 25. Also known as flammability limit.
- 26. a general term for any auxiliary,sudden,brilliant light.
- 27. a rapid gas phase combustion process characterized by self-propagation.
- 28. the area immediately surrounding a chemical hazard incident.
- 29. fuel gas having the formula C4 H10.One of the constituents found in LP gas.
- 30. refers to the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure and the liquid becomes vapor.
- 31. gas,smoke,or vapor that smells strongly or is dangerous to smell.
- 32. the sudden conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy with the release of heat,light,and mechanical shock.
- 33. conversion of a liquid to the vapor state by the addition of latent heat.
- 36. normal combustion in which the oxidant is molecular oxygen.
- 37. the characteristics of undergoing very rapid decomposition or combustion to release large amounts of energy.
- 42. in plastics,the swelling and charring that results in a higher ignition point used in the preparation of flame retardant materials.
- 43. amount of material that can burn.
- 46. the ability of a material to transfer energy from one place to another.Conductivity is the opposite of resistivity.
- 47. marks left by fire,smoke, and soot on structures and devices.
- 51. the temperature generally a few degrees above the flash point at which burning is self-sustaining after removal of an ignition source.