Across
- 6. a European cultural and philosophical movement that grew out of new methods of inquiry and new theories of personal freedom.
- 7. dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power.
- 9. supreme power or authority.
- 14. a member of a European class of persons tilling the soil as small landowners or as laborers.
- 15. a combination of the legal, economic, military, cultural and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries.
- 17. compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.
- 18. ruled France since the mid-1600s and its rule was marked with wars—including the two wars of Austrian succession and the Seven Years War.
- 19. a medieval fortress in Paris, France that was used as a prison in the 18th century.
- 20. the system of government and society in France before the French Revolution of 1789.
Down
- 1. A group of soldiers who will work for any country or employer that will pay them.
- 2. a major historic event, ushering in the profound political and social transformation of Europe.
- 3. a governing body or class consisting of a hereditary nobility.
- 4. a real or imagined wrong or other cause for complaint or protest, especially unfair treatment.
- 5. townspeople who had acquired a certain level of comfort through capitalist production or trade.
- 8. a period of panic and riot by peasants and others amid rumors of an “aristocratic conspiracy” by the king and the privileged to overthrow the Third Estate.
- 10. a radical change in the established order, usually the established government and social institutions.
- 11. form of government in which the supreme powers of the state are exercised, or ceremoniously held, by a king, queen, emperor, or other regal potentate.
- 12. The palace King Louis XIV stayed at and lived in.
- 13. an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading.
- 16. a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher.
