french revolution

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  1. 2. Monarchy Also known as constitutional monarchy, a system of government in which a king or queen reigns as head of state but with power that is limited by real power lying in a legislature and an independent court system.
  2. 4. The form of government, common to most European countries at the time of the French Revolution, in which one king or queen, from a designated royal dynasty, holds control over policy and has the final say on all such matters.
  3. 6. The wife of King Louis XVI and, in the French commoners’ eyes, the primary symbol of the French royalty’s extravagance and excess.
  4. 8. A large armory and state prison in the center of Paris that a mob of sans-culottes sacked on July 14, 1789, giving the masses arms for insurrection.
  5. 10. Convention As one of its first actions, the convention declared the French monarchy abolished on September 21, 1792, and on the following day declared France a republic.
  6. 11. Urban workers and peasants, whose name—literally, “without culottes,” the knee-breeches that the privileged wore—signified their wish to distinguish themselves from the high classes. The mob mentality of the sans-culottes constituted the most radical element of the Revolution.
  7. 13. The name given to the moderates in the National Convention. The Girondins controlled the legislative assembly until 1793, when, with the war going poorly and food shortages hurting French peasants, the Jacobins ousted them from power.
  8. 15. of Terror A ten-month period of oppression and execution from late 1793 to mid-1794, organized by Maximilien Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety to suppress any potential enemies of the radical Revolution.
  9. 16. is an apparatus designed for carrying out executions by beheading
  10. 17. XVI The French king from 1774 to 1792 who was deposed during the French Revolution and executed in 1793.
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  1. 1. A set of thirteen provincial judicial boards—one based in Paris and the other twelve in major provincial cities—that constituted the independent judiciary of France.
  2. 3. Fear A period in July and August 1789 during which rural peasants revolted against their feudal landlords and wreaked havoc in the French countryside.
  3. 5. Brissot A member of the Legislative Assembly and National Convention who held a moderate stance and believed in the idea of a constitutional monarchy.
  4. 7. A medieval representative institution in France that had not met for 175 years before King Louis XVI reconvened it on May 5, 1789, to deal with the looming financial crisis.
  5. 9. of 1791 The new French constitution that in 1791 established a constitutional monarchy, or limited monarchy, with all executive power answerable to a legislative assembly.
  6. 12. The radical wing of representatives in the National Convention, named for their secret meeting place in the Jacobin Club, in an abandoned Paris monastery.
  7. 14. Convention The body that replaced the Legislative Assembly following a successful election in 1792.