Fundamentals of computer systems definitions

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Across
  1. 3. A programming language with little to no abstraction from a processor’s internal instruction set, such as machine code or assembly language.
  2. 5. A • (B • C) = (A • B) • C, A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C
  3. 7. A logical operator which returns TRUE (or 1) if and only if exactly 1 of the inputs are TRUE (or 1).
  4. 10. A low-level programming language written in binary that is directly understood by the CPU.
  5. 12. A translator that converts high level language to machine code.
  6. 14. The physical components of a computer system, including both external (peripheral) and internal (processing and storage) parts.
  7. 19. A • (A + B) = A, A + (A • B) = A
  8. 20. A logical operator which returns FALSE (or 0) if and only if at least one of the inputs are TRUE (or 1). It is equivalent to an OR gate connected to a NOT gate.
  9. 21. A logical operator which returns TRUE (or 1) if and only if all inputs are TRUE (or 1).
  10. 23. A logical operator which returns FALSE (or 0) if and only if all inputs are TRUE (or 1). It is equivalent to an AND gate connected to a NOT gate.
  11. 24. A combinational arithmetic circuit that adds two numbers and produces a sum bit (S) and carry bit © as the output.
  12. 28. A low-level programming language consisting of a set of mnemonic instructions that directly corresponds to the processor architecture’s machine code instruction set.
  13. 29. A programming language with a strong abstraction from a processor’s internal instruction set that is much more human-readable with natural-language keywords, such as Python or Java.
  14. 30. A type of algebra with logical operators where all values and expressions ultimately reduce to TRUE or FALSE.
  15. 33. A logical operator which returns TRUE (or 1) if and only if at least one of the inputs are TRUE (or 1).
  16. 34. A program made to perform a generic or common task that is routinely executed by a user, related to analysing, configuring or optimising.
  17. 36. A = ¬(¬A)
  18. 37. A program that can be run on a computer, allowing the user to carry out specific tasks.
  19. 38. A • (B + C) = (A • B) + (A • C), A + (B • C) = (A + B) • (A + C)
  20. 39. The collective efficient management of the available hardware and software to optimise the performance of the computer system.
Down
  1. 1. A combination of boolean variables and logical operators which evaluates to either TRUE or FALSE depending on the input.
  2. 2. A sequential logic circuit used to store a single bit. It has two stable states, which can be flipped between using an input signal.
  3. 4. A program designed to cover technical aspects of setting up, running and maintaining a computer system, and providing a platform for application software.
  4. 6. An intermediate instruction set used to write the final output of some compilers, since it can be executed on any computer via a virtual machine.
  5. 8. A set of programs managing the operation of the computer that is loaded into RAM every time the computer is turned on. It bridges the user to the hardware.
  6. 9. A•B = B•A, A+B = B+A
  7. 11. ¬(A • B ) = ¬A + ¬B
  8. 13. A combination of two half adders that takes a carry bit and two other input bits and returns their sum and the new carry as two output bits.
  9. 15. Allocating processor time to each application to ensure processor time is used as efficiently as possible when multitasking.
  10. 16. A collection of programs which are already compiled and can be loaded into a program and run whenever required.
  11. 17. A translator which checks a source program for syntax errors line by line, translates it to machine code and executes the line.
  12. 18. Any program or collection of instructions and data that can be run and processed by a computer system.
  13. 22. ¬(A + B) = ¬A • ¬B
  14. 25. A translator in low level language, which converts assembly language into machine code.
  15. 26. A program which converts code from one computer language to another.
  16. 27. A • A = A, A + A = A
  17. 31. A • ¬A = 0, A + ¬A = 1
  18. 32. A logical operator which returns TRUE (or 1) if and only if the input is FALSE (or 0), i.e. it returns the opposite of the input.
  19. 35. A programming language built on the programming paradigm of using subroutines and procedures as instructions to change a program’s state and describe how a program operates.