Across
- 4. The nucleus imports proteins through gated transport via nuclear _______.
- 7. All proteins begin translation on _____________.
- 10. Globular proteins fold in such a way that __________ amino acids are on the inside while hydrophilic amino acids are on the outside.
- 14. Glycoproteins are proteins that have undergone ____________, which is an addition of a carbohydrate group to proteins.
- 15. Co-translational import method into the rough ER involves targeting of proteins with specific signal sequences on ribosomes to attach to the ER and continue __________ while being imported.
- 18. Three major coat proteins used in the _______ of vesicles in vesicular transport are: COPI, COPII and clathrin.
- 19. The ratio of proteins to phospholipids in cell membranes depend on the type and _________ of a cell.
- 21. Proteins processed through the endomembrane system that return to or stay in the ER not only has KDEL or KKXX tags to signal their return, they must also return in COPI-coated ______.
- 23. Large uncharged polar molecules (such as glucose) and ions (such as Na+) require channels or _________ made from proteins to cross the plasma membrane.
- 24. The phospholipid bilayer is a semi-____________________ membrane, which means that only certain molecules can pass through.
- 26. In vesicular transport, vesicular ______ and fusion to the correct target membrane requires matching v-SNAREs and t-SNAREs.
- 28. Proteins can be imported into an organelle by 2 methods, post- or co-_________.
- 29. In vesicular transport of proteins for _______ secretion out of the cell, the vesicles bud using COPI coat proteins.
- 30. __________, lateral diffusion and flip-flop are examples of movements of phospholipids within plasma membranes that can change its permeability or help proteins move around.
Down
- 1. Preproinsulin is processed into proinsulin and later insulin after ______ and protein folding.
- 2. A phospholipid is ____________, which means it has a polar head and non-polar tail.
- 3. Most channels function by _________ diffusion while some carriers function by active transport against the concentration gradient.
- 5. Generally, nonpolar small molecules (such as gases) and uncharged polar small molecules (such as water) can pass through the plasma membrane directly by squeezing through the _________.
- 6. Proteins meant for travel through the endomembrane system use _________ transport from point A to point B.
- 8. Proteins with ______ sequences to the matrix of the mitochondrion involve passing through TOM and TIM translocators of the outer and inner membranes of the mitochondrion.
- 9. The major components of an animal plasma membrane are phospholipids, proteins and ___________.
- 11. Proteins meant for the mitochondria, chloroplast, peroxisome or the rough ER use the transmembrane transport method which means proteins need to pass through protein _________.
- 12. All carrier, channel and transporter proteins are ________ proteins as they only function when they traverse the phospholipid layer.
- 13. The Fluid ________ Model describes the structural property of the plasma membrane, where the fluid component is the phospholipid layers and the other component refers to the cholesterol and protein components.
- 16. In the _______ hypothesis of vesicular docking and fusion, t-SNAREs are found on the target destination membrane, and v-SNAREs are found on vesicle membrane.
- 17. The plasma membranes of animals in cold climates contain more ___________ phospholipids and/or cholesterol to maintain membrane fluidity like the consistency of thick salad oil.
- 20. Prions are misfolded proteins in the brain that can result in ____________ disease
- 22. Protein __________ involves cutting out inteins and joining exteins.
- 25. Proteins processed through the endomembrane system that return to or stay in the ER as soluble proteins have ______ tags while those that return to the ER to be transmembrane proteins have KKXX tags.
- 27. Endocytosis usually involves ________-coated vesicles from the cell membrane.