Gardener's Glossary 1 - Compiled by Robert A. Wearne, a Horticulturist with the Extension Service.

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Across
  1. 4. Soil that consists of less than 52% sand, 28% to 50% silt, and between 7% - 27% clay, resulting in a soil texture ideal for gardening.
  2. 6. Systematic examination of soils in the field and in laboratories; publishing of descriptions and classifications; mapping of kinds of soils; and interpretation of soils according to their adaptability to various crops such as fruits, vegetables, and trees.
  3. 8. Vegetables that do not thrive in summer heat, such as cabbage, English peas, lettuce, or spinach.
  4. 11. Materials such as straw, leaves, lawn clippings, sawdust, black plastic sheets, or newspapers laid on the soil surface to conserve moisture, maintain an even soil temperature, and control weeds.
  5. 13. Root system upon which named varieties of fruit have been grafted. For example, apple varieties are grafted onto dwarfing or size-controlling rootstocks.
  6. 14. an open lattice structure used for shade or to support plants.
  7. 15. Slender twining organ found along stems of some plants such as grapes, which helps the vine to both climb and cling to a support.
  8. 18. Period between last killing frost in spring and first killing frost in fall.
  9. 23. An enclosed, unheated but covered frame useful for growing and protecting young plants in early spring. The top is covered with glass or plastic and located so it is heated by sunlight.
  10. 25. British Thermal Unit, a heat unit.
  11. 26. Soil with a pH above 7; some fruits and vegetables will grow in mildly alkaline (7.4-8.0) soils, such as asparagus, beans, leeks, okra, grapefruit, lemons.
  12. 27. e.g. Trace Elements
  13. 28. Free movement of air through the root zone of plants; prevented in compacted or waterlogged soils.
  14. 29. Structure built of wood lath for protecting plants from too much sunlight or frost.
  15. 30. Material included in pesticide solutions that reduces suriface tension and helps to completely cover the surface or foliage area of the plant being sprayed. (See Spreader.)
  16. 35. Alive, such as seed capable of germinating.
  17. 36. Region on a plant stem between the nodes.
  18. 37. Sprouting of a seed, and beginning of plant growth.
  19. 38. Digging up a plant and moving it from one location to another.
  20. 39. Small onion bulbs used for early planting.
  21. 40. Stem growth stops when the terminal bud becomes a flower bud. Tomato plants of this type are also known as self-topping or self-pruning.
  22. 41. Same as "cutting". A way of vegetatively propagating plants.
  23. 42. Growth on plant roots caused by nematodes.
  24. 47. Lack of green color in leaves; may be caused by nutritional deficiencies, environmental conditions, or disease.
  25. 49. Treating soil by fumigation, chemicals, heat or steam to destroy disease-causing organisms.
  26. 51. Caused by the sun warming trunks and large branches during winter, resulting in cracking and splitting of the bark. It can be prevented by shading or whitewashing tree trunks and larger branches. Sunscald may also occur on fruit exposed to direct sunlight.
  27. 54. Fertilizer solution applied to plants at time of transplanting.
  28. 55. Variety Protected Plant varieties protected by the Government plant variety law granting exclusive rights to the holder.
  29. 56. Applying vaporized water to cuttings in the propagating stage.
  30. 60. Temporary storing of bare-rooted trees and shrubs by placing the roots in a trench and covering with soil or sawdust.
  31. 61. Native to a particular region. Opposite of exotic.
  32. 62. Stem that rises from a root or rootstock and should be removed from grafted trees.
  33. 63. Plant parts such as stems, leaves, and roots remaining in or on the soil after a crop is harvested.
Down
  1. 1. Single row of shrubs or trees which provides a screen or wildlife food and cover, improves the landscape, or serves as a fence or a windbreak.
  2. 2. Increasing the number of plants by planting seed or by vegetative means from cuttings, division, grafting, or layering.
  3. 3. Trees or shrubs which lose their leaves annually.
  4. 5. Any microscopic animal or plant that may cause a plant disease or have the beneficial effect of decomposing plant and animal residue that becomes humus.
  5. 6. Inability of plants to restrict activities of a specified pest, or to wittrstand an adverse environmental condition.
  6. 7. Mosses which grow in bogs and when decomposed become peat moss.
  7. 9. Leaf An ordinary leaf, which functions in the production of food by a plant.
  8. 10. Treatment of seed with bacteria that stimulate development of bacteria nodules on plant roots. Used on legumes such as peas and beans.
  9. 12. Chemical process by which the plant absorbs water and carbon dioxide from the air and releases oxygen into the air.
  10. 16. Transfer of pollen from male part of one flower to female part of the same flower, or to another flower on the same plant.
  11. 17. Tobacco extract used as insecticide for controlling sucking insects such as aphids.
  12. 19. Fruits produced on bushes, vines, or low growing plants as compared to fruits produced on trees.
  13. 20. Chemical which aids in suspending one liquid in another.
  14. 21. Soils with a pH below 7; most fruits and vegetables grow best when the pH is between 5.2 to 7.1.
  15. 22. Applying a herbicide to the soil to kill weed seeds before they germinate, or after a crop is planted but before it germinates and seedlings emerge above the soil's surface.
  16. 24. Any material added to soil to improve physical and productive qualities.
  17. 31. Generally refers to a soil that crumbles when handled. A loam soil with physical properties that provide good aeration and drainage, easily tilled. Friable condition is improved or maintained by annual applications of organic matter.
  18. 32. Compound containing calcium and/or magnesium, applied to soils to reduce acidity.
  19. 33. Soil particles that are between sand and clay in size.
  20. 34. Seed leaf or leaves containing stored food for initial seedling growth.
  21. 43. Paint or paste used to cover and protect wounds of a tree caused by limb breakage or pruning.
  22. 44. Mechanical loosening of the soil to facilitate water and air circulation.
  23. 45. Removing small or young plants from a row to provide remaining plants with more space to grow and develop.
  24. 46. Enlarged fleshy base of a stehi, bulb-like but solid, in which food accumulates. Propagated by division of the cloves. Examples: Dasheen (Taro), garlic, and shallots.
  25. 48. Young plant developing from a germinating seed. It usually has the first true leaves developed.
  26. 50. Combination of soil and other ingredients such as peat, sand, perlite, or vermiculite designed for starting seed or growing plants in containers.
  27. 52. Recently deposited waterlaid materials which have been changed very little by weather elements. Found on flood plains and valleys.
  28. 53. Production of flowers and seeds by such plants as spinach, lettuce, and radishes, generally occurring when days are long and temperatures warm.
  29. 57. Soils with a pH below 7; most fruits and vegetables grow best when the pH is between 5.2 to 7.1.
  30. 58. Deep digging of garden soil and mixing in compost, manure, or some other soil conditioner.
  31. 59. Plants whose fruits contain a pit or stone such as cherries, peaches, plums, or apricots.