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- 5. UK Ethical guidelines refer to the British Psychological Society’s recommendations that consider the ’?’ of participants.
- 7. Pp's should always have the right to withdraw from a study at any point (the choice to leave)and shouldn't feel pressured to ?, even if they have given informed consent
- 8. Although it is not possible to guarantee for sure that there will be no harmful effect on the pp if they were to take part in a study, research shouldn't ever be able to cause pp's to feel distress, discomfort, embarrassment, or anything of the sort. In other words, pp's should be protected from both physical and ’?’ harm.
- 10. During a ’?’, pp's should be asked about their experiences in order to check for any negative effects or misunderstandings. In some cases, counselling may even be offered to ensure that pp's leave in a healthy state of mind.
- 11. Despite the guidelines, ethical issues will continue to appear in psychological research, and it is therefore important that these are ‘?’ with in the best way possible.
- 14. Since a lot of psychological research is private and sensitive, any data collected should remain ?
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- 1. They should be informed of this right at the beginning of the study, however, if they are being studied without knowing, they of course cannot withdraw themselves. In these circumstances, pp's should be offered the right to withdraw any ? collected on them, and this would be done as part of the debriefing.
- 2. Psychologists should not unnecessarily deceive pp's by misleading them about the aim of a piece of research or by making them think that they have done something they have not.
- 3. Debriefing involves informing pp's of the aim of the research after the study has taken place, making sure that pp's have fully ? the true nature of the study (even when they have taken part but not been aware of it).
- 4. Additionally, some people are not in a position to give their own ‘?’, such as children who are not considered old enough to understand why they are being studied. For this reason, ethical guidelines say that when pp's are under the age of sixteen, their parents or careers should be asked to give consent for them to take part in psychological research.
- 6. In psychology, there are ethical ‘?’ which give psychologists an idea of what they should and shouldn't do when conducting their research.
- 8. It is not always appropriate to inform pp's of what is happening in a study however, since they may not share their real thoughts or show their true behaviour. Sometimes, pp's may therefore be under investigation without knowing, and therefore will not have given consent. This is usually acceptable when people are observed in ‘?’ places because they would expect to be seen/ watched by all sorts of people, for all sorts of reasons, anyway. It would not be acceptable however, if they were in a more private setting, such as their own home or a toilet cubicle.
- 9. Even if pp's are willing to take part in research, it is the psychologist's responsibility to make sure that they protect their pp's ?.
- 11. Sometimes deception can be justified however since, if pp's know the true aim of the study, they could behave differently because they think that they are helping the researcher, for example (? characteristics). Sometimes, pp's may need to believe that they have done something that they have not in order for the psychologist to test how they react. Alternatively, a researcher may pretend to be in danger, for example, to see under which circumstances people would help.
- 12. In psychological terms, when a person agrees to being studied, or agrees on behalf of somebody else, this is referred to as giving 'consent’. If they know what the study is about, and what they are expected to do, this is referred to as 'informed consent', since they have been 'informed' with the required information.
- 13. The term ethics refers to what is ’?’ right or wrong.