Across
- 4. The liquid component of blood, composed mainly of water, proteins, salts, nutrients, and hormones, which transports cells and substances throughout the body.
- 6. A whip-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain cells, such as sperm cells or some bacteria, used for locomotion or sensory functions.
- 9. The division of the cytoplasm of a parent cell into two daughter cells, following mitosis or meiosis. It completes the cell cycle and ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of organelles and cellular components.
- 10. A cylindrical part of a microscope that holds the eyepiece and can be adjusted to change the distance between the eyepiece and the objective lenses, helping to focus the image.
- 11. A structural protein found in the extracellular matrix of animal tissues, particularly in connective tissues like skin, tendons, ligaments, and bones, providing strength, support, and elasticity.
- 12. A molecule consisting of one phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, this component can be found in the hydrophilic head of a phospholipid molecule.
- 13. A flexible, avascular connective tissue found in various parts of the body, including joints, the nose, ear, and trachea.
- 14. Folded inner membranes of mitochondria that increase the surface area for chemical reactions, particularly those involved in the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) during cellular respiration.
- 15. Tiny, finger-like projections on the surface of some epithelial cells (such as those lining the intestine) that increase the surface area for absorption and secretion.
Down
- 1. Membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts in plant cells, where light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. It contains chlorophyll and other pigments that capture light energy.
- 2. Pigment-containing cells found in animals, such as cephalopods, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, that can change color.
- 3. A type of protein around which DNA is coiled in eukaryotic cells, forming a structure called chromatin.
- 5. A process of programmed cell death in which cells undergo an orderly sequence of events leading to their self-destruction.
- 7. A component of a microscope located beneath the stage that controls the amount of light passing through the specimen. It helps adjust contrast and brightness for better viewing.
- 8. In ancient Greek thought, It referred to a vital force or breath that animates living organisms. In historical biological theories, it was considered the life force or spirit.