Genetics

2. The central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.
4. The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
6. (of a quality, characteristic, or predisposition) derived genetically from one's parents or ancestors.
8. Father of genetics.
10. A double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.
11. The observable traits expressed by an organism.
14. Alteration of genetic material such that a new variation is produced.
15. Offspring that are the result of mating between genetically similar kinds of parents--the opposite of hybrid.
17. An organism’s underlying genetic makeup, consisting of both the physically visible and the non-expressed alleles.
19. When P plants with contrasting traits were cross-fertilized.
20. Are expressed in the phenotype when the genotype is homozygous recessive (aa).

1. Is an important concept in the study of genetics. It refers to a circumstance in which the two copies of a gene for a particular trait, or alleles, combine so that neither dominates the other.
3. A trait that is not inherited; one resulting from the effects of the environment.
5. Offspring that are the result of mating between two genetically different kinds of parents--the opposite of purebred.
7. Is one that is genetically determined.
9. A trait are usually expressed if an individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.
12. The P plants that Mendel used in his experiments.
13. Are commonly used by genetics counselors to predict the odds of a couple passing on particular inherited traits.
16. A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
17. A gene is a basic unit of heredity.
18. Gene variants that arise by mutation and exist at the same relative locations on homologous chromosomes.